1, due to soil application. Soil conditions are closely related to phosphate fertilizer efficiency. In soils with low content of organic matter and available phosphorus, the application of phosphate fertilizer to most crops can increase production. Therefore, phosphorus fertilizers should be mainly distributed on soils with low organic matter content and phosphorus deficiency, so as to fully exert fertilizer effects. For example, the use of phosphate fertilizers in red soil, yellow mud fields, muddy mud fields, and cold-water immersed fields is particularly effective. In addition, soil conditions must also be considered in the selection of phosphate fertilizers. On neutral and calcareous alkaline soils, the water-soluble phosphate superphosphate, which is weakly acidic, should be used; in acidic soils, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer that is weakly alkaline should be used.

2, NPK combined application. According to tests on wheat, the combined application of N, P and K increased production by 16.5% compared with single application of phosphorus, 10.5% more than single N application, and 6.4% more than N and P application. NPK combined application can promote each other, maintain nutrient balance, fertilizer utilization can generally be increased by 20% to 30%.

3, mixed with organic fertilizer application. The combined application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can reduce the adsorption and fixation of phosphorus on the soil, promote the release of insoluble phosphorus, enhance the vitality of the root system, and increase the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer.

4, for the application. Different crops have different phosphorus requirements and absorption and utilization capabilities. Practice has proved that legumes, rapeseeds, wheat, cotton, potatoes, melons and fruit trees are all phosphorus-loving crops. The application of phosphate fertilizers has a good fertilizer effect. In particular, leguminous crops are sensitive to phosphorus, and the application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and nitrogen fixation, and play a role in “increasing nitrogen with phosphorus”.

5, appropriate application. The critical period for phosphorus requirements in crops is the seedling stage, and the application of this period can maximize its efficiency. If phosphorus deficiency occurs during seedling stage, it will affect later growth, and even if it is supplemented later, it will be difficult to recover the loss of phosphorus. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be used as basic fertilizer, seed fertilizer, paddy field and seedbed fertilization, root picking and early top dressing.

6, sieve fine application. Superphosphate is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate when it is stored. When it is applied, it must be sifted and sieved to absorb the root system.

7, centralized application. Phosphorus is easily fixed by iron, aluminum, and calcium in the soil and fails. The utilization rate in the season is only 10% to 25%. Especially in various viscous soils, if phosphate fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer efficiency cannot be fully exerted. By adopting centralized application methods such as acupoint application, strip application, seed dressing, and root application, the application of phosphate fertilizer to root-dense soil layers can reduce the contact surface between phosphate fertilizer and soil, reduce the fixation of phosphorus by soil, and increase the utilization rate.

8, layered application. Phosphate fertilizer is less mobile in the soil and where it is applied is basically where it does not move. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be applied to the bottom and superficial layers. Generally, 20 to 40 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per 667 kg. One-third of the shallow layer is applied and two-thirds of the deep layer is applied.

9, spray outside the root. The use of calcium superphosphate leachate for foliar spraying has the advantages of less fertilizer, rapid fertilizer efficiency and high utilization rate. The spraying time is better when the booting and filling stages are sprayed once. Cereal crops can be used at concentrations of 1% to 3% and vegetables can be sprayed at 1% concentration on sunny mornings or evenings.

10, with fertilizer application. In addition to reasonable application of phosphorus, in wheat, 1 kg of zinc fertilizer and 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer are applied every 667 square meters, which has a better effect of increasing production.

11, the amount of application. Phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is low in the season, but it has a long aftereffect. Generally, the base fertilizer can be used for 2 to 3 times. Therefore, when phosphate fertilizers are applied at one time, it is not necessary to apply phosphate fertilizers to every crop. Generally, it can be applied once or twice a year.

12. Do not mix with alkaline fertilizers. Ash and lime are all strong alkaline substances. If they are mixed and applied, the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer will be significantly reduced. Generally should be staggered 7 to 10 days of administration. (Chen Maochun)

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