With the increasing popularity of chicken production technology, the application of mineral elements in the production of chickens is becoming more and more widespread. Among them, the supplementation of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements that are most frequently found in laying hens has become a common concern. This article discusses how to supplement calcium in chicken production and talk about a little superficial view for farmers.

Chicks and broiler chicken feed calcium content and too little too much harm

The suitable calcium content in chicks and broiler chickens' feed is 0.6%~0.9%, and no more than 1.0%, which can meet the needs of their growth and development. Because chicks and broilers require less calcium, the addition of calcium is mainly used for chicken bone growth.

If the chicks and broiler chickens lack of calcium, it will lead to growth retardation of chickens, skeletal dysplasia, light bones are easy to fold, deformation bending, the formation of cartilage disease; weight can develop rickets, its clinical symptoms and vitamins D deficiency is similar. If the content of calcium in feed is too much, it will easily cause the deposition of calcium salts in the kidneys, endanger the normal development of the kidneys, affect the normal function of the kidneys, hinder the excretion of uric acid, and cause chicken gout.

Laying time of laying hens before laying and the harm of calcium supplement prematurely and too lately

The suitable calcium supplementation time for laying hens is generally 2 weeks prior to opening, the laying hens are approximately 18 weeks old, and broiler breeders are generally started from 22 weeks of age. At this time, the laying hens' feed can be used directly, or On the basis of the feed for chicks and young chickens, chickens are allowed to feed freely by feeding the amount of shell powder or calcium carbonate crumbs of 10g to 15g per chicken per day.

Pre-production calcium supplementation should not be premature. Pre-production laying hens have less calcium requirements. Premature calcium supplementation is not conducive to the deposition of calcium in chicken bones. Second, it affects the absorption and utilization of calcium by chickens during laying. Because there is too much calcium in the feed, the ability to deposit calcium in the chicken's bones is reduced accordingly.

Late calcium directly affects the body condition and egg production. The calcium requirement of egg-laying period is 3 times to 4 times higher than the brooding and breeding period. If the laying hen is put into production and then calcium is added, the egg will mobilize the calcium in the bone to meet the calcium requirement of laying. When quality is involved in egg shell synthesis, over time, it will cause calcium deficiency in laying hens, leading to the occurrence of diseases such as cartilage disease, rickets, and spasms, which will directly affect the egg production.

Appropriate calcium supplementation and favorable intake time for laying hens

For the first layer of young laying hens (22 weeks to 40 weeks old), it is estimated that the effective utilization rate of calcium is 60%. To meet the requirement of eggshell formation for calcium, when the chicken production rate is 70% The average calcium requirement per bird per day is at least 2.6 grams. When the chicken production rate reaches 80%, 90%, and 100%, the average calcium requirement per bird per day is 2.7 grams. 3.0 g, 3.3 g. Considering the actual situation in actual production, for example, during the peak period of egg production, when the egg production rate reaches 95%, the actual egg production rate of most chickens in the flock is 100%. Therefore, the egg production rate is 100%. Sufficient calcium is necessary. That is to say, 3.3 grams of calcium per bird per day is the necessary amount of calcium in laying hens during the first phase of laying.

After 40 weeks of laying hens should increase the amount of calcium in the feed. After 40 weeks of laying, the egg weight increased, and the calcium content of each egg reached approximately 2.2 g. At this time, most of the laying chickens still maintained a high egg production rate. For chickens after weeks of age, the daily amount of calcium given is generally 3.8g to 4.0g.

The amount of calcium in feed should vary with feed intake. If the summer weather is hot, the feed intake of the chicken is reduced, and the calcium content in the feed should be appropriately increased. At the same time, attention should be paid to the ratio of calcium to phosphorus, vitamin D supplementation, and bone meal, vitamin A, vitamin D3 powder and concentrated cod liver oil can be added to the feed. Wait.

Good calcium supplementation time for laying hens. The time of calcium intake is related to the effect of egg shell formation. The most important time for calcium intake is afternoon, because the egg shell is completed in the afternoon and the calcium given in the afternoon is directly deposited into the egg shell without bones. Therefore, In the afternoon, large-grained calcium carbonate should be fed freely to laying hens. In order to meet the calcium requirements for egg shell formation, it is possible to recharge part of the night, which is a successful practice confirmed by several tests.

Suitable calcium source feed

Appropriate calcium source feeds are more commonly used in the production of stone powder, shell powder and eggshell powder.

Stone powder is limestone powder, natural calcium carbonate. Generally containing about 38% pure calcium, is the cheapest calcium mineral feed, other more pure calcium carbonate, chalk and old lime also have the same role with the stone powder.

Shell powder used shell powder as calcium source feed, should pay attention to the use of seashells stacked on the seashore for many years, because after a long period of accumulation, which attached organic matter has disappeared, less bacteria; fresh shells should pay attention to disinfection, because of protein corruption, adhesion Bacteria and viruses are more common and they can cause diseases in chickens without disinfection. General shell powder contains about 96.4% calcium carbonate, equivalent to 38.6% calcium.

The eggshell powder eggshell is dried and made into eggshell powder as a calcium source feed, which will contain some organic matter, generally containing crude protein up to 12.4% and calcium containing 24.5%~26.5%. When using it, care should also be taken to prevent eggshell contamination.

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