Summer high temperature correct management of the fermentation bed

Keywords: fermentation bed high temperature management temperature humidity ventilation

The broth fermentation bed is a typical application of microbiological engineering technology in agriculture, especially pig industry, and is a major innovation in the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The core of this is the “switching hub” of beneficial energy micro-organisms for the material energy cycle. Through the fermentation process of certain beneficial bacteria (such as the Jinbao fermentation bed strain), the organic matter in the litter and urine is decomposed and degraded, achieving zero. The goal of emissions. It is not limited to raising pigs, but also raise chickens, ducks, goose rabbits, etc. Because of its environmental, ecological, time-saving, labor-saving, material-saving, and good meat quality, Europe and the United States, Germany, Japan, and South Korea The swine industry in developed countries, such as the warm welcome of the pig industry, is widely used, and is also being widely promoted in China.

The fermentation bed pig raising technology has solved the need for heating and heating in winter pighouses very well. The maintenance of the fermentation bed is relatively simple in the cold and dry environment in winter, but in the high temperature, high humidity and abundant summer rain, the fermentation bed The maintenance and management require the user to pay attention to related skills in order to achieve good results. The climate in summer is characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and especially damp heat. Although the hot and humid climate does not last long throughout the year, taking effective measures against these climate characteristics may bring some of the normal operation of the fermentation bed. Negative Effects.

First, the adverse environment facing the summer housing

1, the first is high temperature. In summer, especially in the midsummer, the temperature is basically maintained in the 30-40 degree interval, especially in the southern region. There is a period of about 1 month basically maintained at a temperature range of 37-41 degrees, which for any pigsty (including traditional The cement ring) is unfavorable for pigs. Although the fermentation bed raises pigs, the use of the bed of the fermentation bed and the air convection can reduce the temperature of some pigsty and can create a cool feeling without increasing the ambient temperature. But the fermentation bed is not an air conditioner after all. It is ridiculous to rely on a fermentation bed to cool and cool. In addition, in China, the designs of pig houses are not all designed in accordance with the specifications of standard piggery piggeries. For example, the design of the roof of a pig house does not increase the heat insulation layer, and it cannot effectively block the heat of the sun against the piggery. The radiant heating process has led to a rapid increase in temperature in the pig house, which is basically similar to the outside temperature. If the piggery does not have ventilation facilities such as skylights and floor windows, the air does not circulate, like a steamer, and it may cause the temperature inside the pig house to be higher than the outside. Due to poor ventilation in the pig house, the temperature in the pig house reaches more than 30 degrees, and the surface temperature of the fermentation bed itself will be around 20-25 degrees, which will cause the temperature to exceed the temperature of the bed surface of the fermentation bed and carry out the bed of the fermentation bed. “Reverse heating” forces the temperature of the bed of the fermentation bed to rise. In addition, the heat of the fermentation bed itself is not good, air convection is difficult to form, and several unfavorable factors are superimposed, which greatly impairs the normal operation and good results of the fermentation bed.

2, followed by rain. The source of rainwater has the following aspects. For example, thundery showers and heavy rain in summer, especially in the southern hills and mountains, sometimes cause mudslides, flash floods, etc. These will directly submerge and destroy the fermentation beds; a lot of rainwater will float into the fermentation bed, making the fermented bed materials too high. It will also cause the normal operation of the fermentation bed to be blocked or partially stopped, and some will also form anaerobic fermentation, so that the fermentation bed will not have a positive effect at all, and if the design of the drinking bed of the fermentation bed is unreasonable, such as the inside of the nozzle, No underground or side ditch drainage facilities may directly lead to long-term inflow or splashing of drinking water into the fermentation bed, causing local moisture to be too high. First, the fermentation of the drinking water site and surrounding litter layer is not normal, thereby affecting the entire fermentation bed; Some farmers are unclear about the working mechanism of the fermentation bed, treat the fermentation bed as a cement floor, and spray the water on the bed surface in the summer to cool down, doing good in bad manners and directly destroying the fermentation bed.

3, the third is continuous hot and humid. If only pure high temperature or pure precipitation factors do not affect the fermentation bed, the most deadly thing in summer is persistent hot and humid. In the south, the summer is not only very hot, but also the moisture in the air is very high, and the humidity often exceeds 80%. Such a temperature and humidity condition is no different from a “steamer,” and the weather, commonly known as “sauna days,” is not delicious. Yu Yu appears in the north and the south. According to studies, pathogenic bacteria accelerate the spread of air when the humidity is higher than 50%, and the speed of prevention and treatment should be greatly accelerated when the air humidity is higher than 80%. In such a hot environment, if the pig house cannot be effectively managed, the water separation of the fermentation bed in a hot and humid environment cannot be quickly and effectively dissipated in the form of water vapor, and the consequences are quite serious. In this way, feces excreted by pigs cannot be decomposed in time under the action of beneficial bacteria, causing “no evil”, harmful bacteria or anaerobic bacteria will begin to work, and will be decomposed into harmful gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide, and environmental effects will be affected. . If the structure of the pig house is not conducive to air circulation, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide cannot be discharged in a timely manner. This may lead to only a reduction in the incidence or growth rate of swine diseases, and the economic effects are also greatly affected.

Second, the basic requirements of the standard fermentation bed

These are the most difficult problems that fish farmers often encounter during the summer hot season. However, if the scientific transformation of the pigsty, the use of suitable fermentation bed fermentation agent, while regulating the construction of the fermentation bed housing, pay attention to daily management, in accordance with the fermentation bed technical regulations to operate, these problems can be solved. Such as Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan company's Jinbao fermentation bed fermentation auxiliaries in the use of farmers, for the fermentation bed pigs "three afraid of three not afraid" that is, "fear of wet afraid of dry," "fear not afraid of big," " The characteristics of the fear of rain not afraid of the wind, some of the effective experience measures summarized can be used as reference for user maintenance and management of the fermentation bed.

In general, the introduction of a new technology and new concept must be combined with the local conditions. Just as the introduction of Marxism to China and the specific reality of China can produce Mao Zedong Thought, the pig-raising technology in the fermentation bed will be from Japan and South Korea. Countries such as Europe and the United States must also be integrated with China's aquaculture industry and regional characteristics. It is necessary to use “localization” and “localization” for China’s regional climate characteristics. Japan, South Korea and other countries are geographically located in the north, in the sub-frigid zone, cold in winter, not hot in summer, and affected by the ocean monsoon, the air is relatively dry, so the fermentation bed is facing a relatively simple environment. China has a vast territory and great geographic span. From the tropics to the subtropics, the sub-frigid zone and so on, it is difficult to achieve the desired results if all operations are performed according to foreign models. Therefore, in addition to the development of highly efficient specialized strains that meet national characteristics, it is also necessary to create and manage the fermentation beds in accordance with the principles of combining theory with practice. The easy-to-use products also need to be taught in a concise manner. The production of a fermentation bed has certain requirements for the area of ​​the pig house, the breeding density, the overall structure of the pig house, ventilation and ventilation design, temperature, and moisture (including air humidity). The basic requirements for the production of a fermentation bed are described in detail by taking an example of a fermentation bed made from the Fermentation Bed, a widely used and simplest operation in the market.

1, area requirements. The area of ​​a single pig house should not be less than 15 square meters, preferably more than 20 square meters, and the area of ​​a sow house should not be less than 7-8 square meters. Generally speaking, where the cost of land and infrastructure can be tolerated, the larger the area occupied by each pig, the better, because the larger the area, the stronger the buffering and tolerance of the fermentation bed (ie the resistance to stress) is. . If a corner of a large-scale fermentation bed is filled with some rainwater, the water in this corner is too high, and the fermentation decomposition is slow or stopped. However, this is only a small part. Other parts can also be suitable for the normal operation of the fermentation bed. Affect the operation of the entire fermentation bed; but if the area is very small, for example, only 8.9 square meters, the rainwater will occupy two or three square meters in one corner, which accounts for 20-30% of the whole fermentation bed. Original fermentation bed due to the actual work area Insufficient and overloaded work, now due to the floating rain, the fermentation space is reduced. “The house leak is affected by the night rain.” Two unfavorable factors are caught and attacked, and the load is greatly overloaded, resulting in the fermentation bed degrading faeces, deodorizing, and promoting growth. It is not obvious or basically lost. Therefore, the production of fermentation beds requires area: at least 15 square meters, can be large or not, in the case of civil construction costs can be better, for 15 square meters below the area, in addition to the sow outside (the sow housing area can not be low In 7, 8 square meters), it is not recommended to use a fermentation bed to raise pigs!

2, density requirements. After the area of ​​the fermentation bed has been fulfilled, do not think that any number of pigs can be cultured in this space. This view is wrong. Fermentation beds also require cultivation density. For finishing pigs, each pig requires 1.2-1.5 m2. Above this density, the fermentation bed may be overloaded, resulting in undesirable phenomena such as excessive fermentation and the termination of fermentation. The bigger the pig's head and body weight, the more necessary it is to provide more area. Because the capacity of microorganisms within a unit volume to handle feces is limited, if each pig excretes 3-5 kilograms of feces per day, it takes about 1.2 to 1.5 square meters (depth of 50 cm) of microorganisms to degrade for 1 day to complete. . If each pig only covers an area of ​​1 square meter, then there will be excess feces left every day, resulting in incomplete or untimely decomposition, and as pigs grow longer, the amount of excreted urine will increase every day. , Overloaded excreta will accumulate over a long period of time, which will lead to abnormal disorder in the fermentation bed system and severely lead to complete crashes.

3, humidity requirements. Humidity includes air humidity and litter moisture. For example, in the southern region, the long-term rainy season will cause litter to absorb the moisture in the air. In this case, the operation of the fermentation bed will not be affected. If you feel that the litter is too wet, you can clear out some of the litter and then add it to the fermentation bed and reuse it, or add new dry litter to reconcile the moisture, and increase the frequency of toppling to make the water in the form of water vapor. Evaporate away as soon as possible. If the litter on the roof is too moist, the litter that has been contaminated by the rainwater and wetted should be removed immediately, dried or dried and then backfilled into the fermentation bed for reuse. In short, try to ensure that the fermentation bed has a relatively dry surface, and certainly not too dry, such as long-term no rain in the northern regions, litter is easy to dust, this time, we should spray a small amount of spray on the litter, the standard surface is not It is easy to raise dust.

4, ventilation and ventilation requirements. The fermentation bed requires that the pens be transparent to the north and south, and the ventilation is smooth. Therefore, ventilation and light must be taken into account in the construction of the pig house. Therefore, the fermentation bed must have a certain span and height, and the span requirement is generally not less than 8 meters. Designed for 8-12 meters, the height of the pig house is not less than 2.6 meters (refers to the bed surface height from the roof), the length can be adapted to the local conditions, while the fermentation bed should be equipped with sunroof ventilation holes, about 20 cm away from the bed, every 3 Around the meter should be provided with ventilation windows. In this way, air in the pens can easily form convection and achieve good ventilation and ventilation effects.

Third, effectively resolve the adverse effects of high temperature hot and humid

The above four points are the requirements for the production area, breeding density, humidity, and the overall structure (breathability) of the housing when making the fermentation bed. Friends who have questions about the production of standard fermentation beds can go to Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Company. Check the relevant information on the website, which is described in detail on the website. Next, we made some suggestions for the high temperature, high humidity, and high-humidity environment in the summer in order to help farmers who have already used the fermentation beds to solve problems.

1, increase the area of ​​housing. For small-area pens, it is recommended to expand the pig house. If the large-scale pig house is divided into small areas, it is recommended to open the concrete partition wall so that the litter can be connected. Adopting integral housing, for each individual house to be separated, it can be separated by a moving fence, which leaves room for adjustment and can increase or decrease the area of ​​the fermentation bed of the unit housing at any time, which can effectively alleviate the shortage of fermentation space. The crisis of overloaded fermentation is easy to operate and low in cost.

2, reduce the breeding density. If the average density of a pig is less than 1 square meter, the breeding area should be enlarged immediately, or it should be kept in separate rows to reduce the number of breeding heads per unit area, to avoid overloading the fermentation bed, abnormal work, or "Fatigue operations" to avoid unnecessary bad bed events. The breeding density is preferably not less than 1.2-1.5 square feet per pig, and where the cost of construction is low, the rearing density can be designed to be lower.

3, to avoid excessive humidity. If the pen is leaking, measures should be taken to remedy it as soon as possible, including refurbishing the roof and covering the sides, so as to avoid inflow or infiltration of rainwater into the fermentation bed, resulting in high partial or total moisture in the fermentation bed; drinking water should be provided below the automatic drinking fountain. The "fluid channel" prevents or prevents excess moisture from flowing into the fermentation bed, avoiding anaerobic fermentation, abnormal fermentation or non-fermentation caused by excessive humidity, and failing to achieve the efficacy of exfoliating and promoting growth of the fermentation bed. In the south, due to the high groundwater level, especially when the rainy season arrives, the groundwater level rises and the surface water flow rises, which can easily cause the bottom of the fermentation bed to seep or submerge the fermentation bed. In this case, the fermentation bed should adopt a relatively safe ground-based structure. If necessary, an anti-leakage layer should be made at the bottom of the fermentation bed, and a rainwater wall should be added to prevent the occurrence of the above conditions.

4, increase ventilation measures. In general, pure high-temperature climate will not bring high temperature phenomenon to the fermentation bed; however, continuous high temperature and high humidity, together with poor ventilation of the housing, will cause abnormal or high temperature of the fermentation bed. In response to such extreme weather conditions, fans can be installed on both sides of the house and ceiling fans can be placed on the top of the house to increase air flow in the pig house, enhance air convection and enhance heat exchange. Conditional air conditioning can be properly placed in the quarters. For the high-temperature season of the entire environment, air-conditioning is used to cool down. In addition, the air ventilation function can be increased by adding skylights to the roof and adding windows to the walls.

5, increase the overturning frequency. For users who are relatively simple and unwilling to increase their investment, one of the easiest ways is to increase the number of tipping times for fermented mattress materials, such as flipping the bedding once every 2-3 days. The turbulent motion exposes the bedding of the fermentation bed to the surface layer, allowing rapid exchange of heat and moisture with the surface air. The heat is dispersed and moisture evaporates. This can quickly and effectively reduce the temperature of the center layer of the fermentation bed. For cases where the fermented mattress material is too wet due to leakage or water leakage, the wet bedding should be poured out, dried and then back into the bed.

6, effective control of feeding. For the culture mode of the fermentation bed culture, the amount of feed should be controlled. Generally, the amount of feed is reduced to about 80% to 90% of that of the low culture of cement to increase the turning of pigs in the pens. This helps Turn over the heat, save the feed and reduce the feed ratio.

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