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1. Ecological conditions and environmental requirements
Through the artificial domestication and rearing of Rana chensinensis in the south, some populations that can adapt to the growth in the south have been screened out. However, if the species is free to be stocked without permission, it will definitely lead to the failure of the Chinese southern Rana sylvatica breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to artificially create the ecological conditions suitable for the southern breeding of China's Rana sylvatica.
(1) Water source conditions: pH 6.8-7.2, no pollution, heavy metal or inorganic salt content reached drinking water standards. There are usually the following types of water sources:
1River water: The current river water has been contaminated to varying degrees. Even if the sampling test meets the standard, it is not reliable, because the degree of pollution of water in different seasons, different flow directions and different river sections is different, so the river water safety Poor sex.
2 Tap water: The tap water is disinfected and the content of bleaching powder is not very stable. Chlorine also has a great influence on Rana sylvatica. It can never be used as a water resource for the Chinese Rana sylvatica overwintering pool, spawning pool, and hatching metamorphosis pool. If it is to be used, it must be aerated for 2 to 3 days in a pre-prepared storage tank, or sprayed for cooling in the summer, but the cost is too high.
3 Jiangshui: In the river section where the water quality condition is up to standard, such as direct quotation can be used; but sometimes there is pollution, and care must be taken.
4 Well water: It can be used when the test reaches the human drinking water standard. It needs to store more than 8 hours of aeration.
5 Stream water: Streams without sources of pollution can be quoted, but the temperature must be adjusted.
(2) Soil conditions: Non-polluted soils with pH of 6 to 8 can be used. Sand is better than sand.
(3) Artificial three-dimensional ecological environment: The upper layer is densely planted with various kinds of creeping plants, such as melons, grapes, loofah, cowpea, lentils, gardenia, woody, green breeze, blood cane, and honeysuckle. The height of the scaffold is preferably 2 to 3 meters so that the sun cannot directly hit the surface. The planting of flowers, medicinal herbs, fruit trees, seedlings and vegetables on the ground is pleasing to the shade. This artificial three-dimensional ecological environment can not only play the ecological effect of shading and heat preservation, but also attract and breed insects, providing abundant natural food for Chinese forest frogs. In the process of plant growth, chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers cannot be used. Only biological insecticides and biological fertilizers are used. This will not only be beneficial to forest frog breeding, but also earn planting income, beautify the environment, and do not squeeze the farmland. It is an excellent model for efficient, integrated and three-dimensional ecological agriculture.
2. Three-dimensional ecological breeding mode The native environment of Rana sylvatica is a mixed place of needle and broad-leaved forests. Therefore, the artificial construction site must also imitate its original ecological environment to create a multi-layered three-dimensional green ecological breeding garden, but it must be based on plants The characteristics of Yang are scientifically and reasonably matched. The three-dimensional ecological breeding mode not only utilizes natural food, but also protects the plants from insect infestation. It also uses biological methods to control plant diseases, applies biological fertilizers, and grows green foods. It constitutes planting and breeding mutually promoting and interdependent. The three-dimensional biological chain improves the utilization efficiency of the land per unit area and improves the economic benefits.
(1) Environmental requirements
1 Illumination: The plant adopts multi-layer planting or single-layer high-density planting, and the shading rate is more than 75%, so that the plants can make full use of light, and the direct sunlight can be reduced to the surface as much as possible, so that the surface temperature in summer is lower than 32°C.
2 Humidity: The use of plant leaf surface evaporation moisture to maintain surface moisture, supplemented by automatic control of drip irrigation technology, so that the soil surface relative humidity maintained at 85% to 95%, but also more conducive to plant growth.
3 Temperature: The use of automated sprinkler irrigation technology to spray the leaves of plants to increase the water content of the leaves of plants to achieve the purpose of cooling temperature control.
(2) Specific patterns
1 Woodland model: The use of existing forest land or planned new species of woodland and greenland landscapes to set up Chinese Rana sylvatica without damaging or affecting the inherent landscape features.
2 Orchard's three-dimensional ecological model: cultivate an orchard or mulberry garden with high economic value, such as climbing vines or Chinese herbal medicines on upper floors, rare and precious Chinese herbal medicines or fruit trees (such as orange trees and mulberries) on the lower floors, and nesting Chinese Rana sylvatica on the ground. .
3 The three-dimensional ecological model of flower nursery: The use of flower nurseries to intervene and interplant, even if certain flower seedlings are harvested each year, it has no effect on the growth of Rana sylvatica.
4 Ecological model of vegetables and other economic crops: Cultivation of sponges, cucumbers, cowpeas, lentils, taro, eggplants, tomatoes, and other vegetables or cotton are carried out.
3. Aquaculture Facilities Aquaculture facilities should be designed to prevent escaping, prevent predators, prevent high temperatures, prevent dryness, prevent harassment, and prevent pollution.
(1) Peripheral enclosed internal containment facilities: Anti-theft barbed wire or fences are set at the periphery of the Rana aquaculture site, and ventilation is prohibited due to the influence of the fences. Therefore, it is not advocated, but an area of ​​5 mu or more and conditional walls can be erected. For centimeters, a 16-stainless-steel screen frame should be placed every 3 meters. The frame size is 60 centimeters and 100 centimeters for ventilation.
The anti-escape net is set in the wire fence, and 16 to 20 mesh nylon plastic nets can be used, buried 15 centimeters underground, 1 to 1.2 meters above the ground, and 30 centimeters wide anti-aging black film is hung on both sides of the top of the fence. Stretch 15 centimeters on each side to form a "zigzag" shape. The two protruding flashes are then tightened with a wire 18 along the fence, fixed on the column, and then the film hanging on both sides is wrapped and sewn on the wire. Make sure that the natural enemies on the ground cannot come in. The forest frog inside cannot escape.
Inside the anti-theft barbed wire or wall surrounded by 2 to 2.5 meters high wood piles, bamboo, cement columns or iron pipes, spacing 2.5 to 3 meters. The top of the pile is all tensely and horizontally fixed with wire No. 8 in both vertical and horizontal directions. Each pile must have an outward pull line. All two wires were pulled up and pulled between the wires, and all the intersections of the wires and the plastic wires were ligated and fixed. Then, meshes with a mesh size of 4 cm (calculated by obliquely straightening of the mesh) were covered. The perimeter and middle of the net are fixed on the wire ceiling so that climbing plants can be climbed and prevented from entering. If the green plant is difficult to cover for a while, the shade net can be temporarily used to prevent typhoons and must be fixed.
The space between the vertical distance between the seine net and the top net (1 to 1.5 meters) is stitched with a large-eye net with a size of 4 centimeters, so that the entire farm is completely closed (the door that opens and closes is left). In the vertical or horizontal 8 wires, vertically bury some small posts against the wire, and fix it to prevent typhoon and heavy pressure on the creeping plants.
(2) Blocked and closed aquaculture facilities: No 2.5 meters high stakes and ceiling facilities are to be installed. The arched greenhouses will be used for block culture. The following gauze fences will be used to cover the large fish nets and plant climbing vines.
4. Construction of breeding grounds China's forest frogs originally lived in forests in the mountains, hibernating, spawning, and hatching in the water. According to regional characteristics and characteristics, the breeding grounds in the south should be selected on quiet, ventilated plains and high slopes. Or the shade of a mountain forest (low-lyingly undesirable).
In a unit of 666.7 square meters (1 mu) of land (20 meters wide and 33 meters long), an annular gutter with a width of 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm (slope 1:1) is first excavated on the edge of the site. Use the lowest corner of the site as a drainage outlet to ensure that the drainage ditch does not collect water, so that the rain can stop the ditch. After the ring ditch is dug, the 33-meter-long site is divided into three equal blocks according to a distance of 11 meters. In the two separation lines, a small median drainage ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 20 cm is drilled and passed through the ring ditch. According to 1/5 of the total area of ​​the breeding ground, long strips of 4 meters in width, 1.2 meters in depth, and 33 meters in length shall be excavated in the middle of the width direction (for spawning, hatching and hibernation of Chinese forest frogs). At 1:0.5, dig along the sides of the ditch and dig 33 meters, 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide. The soil dug up was spread flatly in each of the culturing areas, making them slightly higher than the surrounding areas. It is best to plough the fields one by one beforehand. Every 666.7 square meters (mu) is first spray-disinfected with 100 grams of trichlorfon solution and then sprayed with 13 kg of bleach solution or 250 kg of quicklime (blocks). Dripping and pouring, until it is pulverized, spread it evenly with a shovel, and disinfect it.
The 20-mesh gauze or stainless steel gauze is used to divide the long gutters into three large segments and six small segments. The specific practice is to confine the three large blocks of gauze area (including the gully) by means of stainless steel gauze, and then In the direction and position, the stainless steel gauze is buried on both sides and the bottom of the ditch, and then stitched with the lower foot of the upper side of the fence. This forms a three-block (including ditch) fence area. The four corners of the fence must be rounded. When using earthen ponds, the upper edge of the pond should be 5 cm above the ground to prevent the inflow of rainwater. After the site is leveled, disinfected and exterminated, all four walls must be covered with plastic film from the top to the bottom (preventing enemies in the water, such as jaundice, loach, crawfish, crabs, grasshoppers, etc.). The film on both sides of the ditch should be 30 cm above the ground, and be sewn on previously fixed iron wire to prevent insects from entering the ditch. Conditions can be cemented concrete pool, the top of the ditch or pool is best covered with transparent plastic film or plastic transparent tile cover (southern acid rain, great harm to China's forest frog), but the lower side to be ventilated. Long strips of narrow groove can be used long bamboo scaffolding, the method is to insert both ends of the long bamboo strip laterally in the ditch on both sides (50 cm from the side of the earth), the bamboo was curved, every 1 meter or so The roots are long bamboo pieces, and then the bamboo pieces are inserted in three directions in the longitudinal direction of the bamboo (in the direction of the ditch). After the stand is set up, cover the transparent film or plastic tile up 50 to 80 cm from the ground on both sides of the groove (for ventilation, observation, and feeding).
Plant mulberry seedlings, fruit trees (with cuttings as required), Chinese herbs, flowers, seedlings, grapes, and other plants at a rate of 26,000 per mu (mu), with a spacing of 60 cm, and stocking 50 to 100 per mu. Kilograms, building a multi-dimensional three-dimensional green ecological park. Regularly check, eliminate and remove weeds to keep the floor clean and ventilated.
In the three large sections of the seine net area, a seine net was placed at 1 meter and 5 to 6 meters away from the edge of the trench. The fence around 1 meter away from the ditch can be fenced in advance, and the net foot can be vacated. The fence around 5 to 6 meters away from the ditch can be buried directly (temporarily). Then, at a fence of 5 to 6 meters on both sides of the long groove distance from the ditch, the column is strung and covered with a light-transmitting plastic film or plastic tile (including spawning and above the hatchery pool) to be used for breeding young frogs. The spawning and hatching of the pool to separate the three sections with gauze is to facilitate the smooth flow of water. One end of the ditch is filled with water and the other end is overflowing.
5. Wintering facilities The Chinese Rana sylvatica is wintering in the south and is afraid that the temperature is high and it is not afraid of the cold weather. It can be wintered in the water and hibernated in the loose soil on the land.
(1) Overwintering pond: Overwintering pond should be ventilated and sheltered, drainage and irrigation are convenient, and water retention is good. If water retention is not good, winter drought, low water level or water pool dry, Chinese Rana may cause water shortage or Freezing and massive death. The winter pool is 1.5 meters deep and the water level is 1 meter. In order to ensure the water level in the overwintering pool is stable, a permanent cement pool can be constructed under conditions, and a plastic film can be lining the pool without conditions. At the bottom of the pool, some facilities for hiding Chinese Rana sylvatica should be placed, such as roots, rubble, and branches. The water surface should be equipped with facilities for Chinese Rana sylvatica. Hang over the pool and cover the asbestos tiles to shade and cover the rain. The perimeter of the pool should be higher than the ground, and be closed with a gauze fence to prevent enemies. You can directly use the spawning and hatching pools in the farm as a wintering pond.
(2) Terrestrial hibernation site: The land hibernation site should be selected in a sheltered, ventilated, relatively humid and loose place, and a simple house or basement can also be used. First lay a layer of rubble on the surface of the ground, and then put some roots or roots on the rubble. If the cover layer is thick and loose, the Chinese forest frogs will hibernate into the rubble under the roots or roots. Remember to keep the hibernation site moist.
Rana sylvatica Southern Culture and Management Technology in China
(I) Aquaculture Ecological Environment and Site Construction