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Prevention of pests and diseases of vegetables without pesticides
First, weeding plants Many plants exist with the phenomenon of grams, a plant secreted special substances that can effectively inhibit or reject another plant, using this phenomenon can effectively inhibit weeds. Such as sunflower can inhibit weeds such as purslane, Datura flower; sorghum can inhibit weeds, such as T. paniculatum, weeds. In addition, biologists are looking for and breeding grass-fed, weed-killing crops. Second, animal weeding The use of domestic animals to eat grass weeding habits, not only save labor, save trouble, but also fattening livestock and poultry. For example, the rabbits are housed in a tomato garden and they quickly eat weeds, but they do not make any mistakes about the tomatoes. Third, the plant pest control Some plants, the roots, stems, leaves, as long as a little treatment, they can be made into plant pesticides used to control vegetables, fruit trees, pests and diseases. 1 If the willow leaves are crushed, add water 3 times, soak for one day or cook for half an hour, the filtrate can treat locusts, aphids and so on. 2 Add a small amount of fresh water to the tomatoes and smash them, squeeze the original liquid, then mix with 3 parts of the original liquid and 2 parts of water. Add a small amount of soap to spray and kill the red spider. The effect is 100%. 3 Use 0.25kg of fresh Chaotian pepper or 0.1kg of dry Chaojiao pepper, add 15~20kg of water, put it into pot for 30 minutes, filter and cool it and spray it on vegetables to prevent pests such as beet armyworm and Spodoptera litura. 4 Take the appropriate amount of ramie leaves, add about 4 times more water to the glutinous rice juice, and spray the leaves after soaking for 12 hours to control worms, cabbage caterpillars, beetles, diamondback moth and other pests. 5) Use sweet and sour liquid to seduce and kill pests such as small tiger and Spodoptera litura. The configuration of sweet and sour liquid is 6 parts of sugar, 3 parts of vinegar, 1 part of high spirits, 10 parts of water, plus 9 parts of trichlorfon, and mix thoroughly and put into a small basin or large bowl and put it in vegetable fields. Spodoptera litter and other sweet and sour vinegar flies into the sweet and sour liquid, died of poison due to flooding. The specific method is to put one cup of sweet and sour liquid vinegar every 220 square meters, cover it during the day, open it at night, and change the sweet and sour liquid every 10 to 15 days. At present, there are manufacturers of plant pesticide preparations, which can be selected locally for local conditions. Such as Chinese herbal pesticides, enemy, Kenting, compound flavescens, celangulin, 0.3% matrine aqueous agent. 4. Pathogens, viruses and other pathogens of cabbage caterpillars that are killed by microorganisms. The cabbage caterpillar can be placed in the vegetable garden. Several cabbages that are hung on the leaf margin and bent, and died of infection with the granular virus, are crushed, and 20 ml of water per 10 g of the insect body is added. After soaking for 24 hours, the filtrate is filtered again. 50 litres of water and 50 grams of detergent were sprayed on the vegetable field seriously damaged by Pieris rapae. This resulted in the rapid death of Pieris rapae in the field and the mortality rate of Pieris rapae was 100%. Fifth, brown sugar fermentation broth prevention and treatment of tomato gray mold, the early onset of the use of 100 times the brown sugar fermentation broth, spray every 3 to 4 days 1, can receive good control effect. Sulfur fumigation treatment uses the sulphur fumigator developed by the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. After the sulphur is charged, the sulphur is sublimated to the entire greenhouse. The fungus is resistant to powdery mildew, melasma and downy mildew. Sexual diseases have special effects. Only 1 sulfur fumigator per 100 square meters of cultivation area. Seven, shop polyester fiber cloth treatment in general in July to August high temperature season shop polyester fiber cloth. Starting from one end of the greenhouse, the 25 cm layer of soil from the surface was dug up by stages and filled onto a spread polyester fabric. So dig soil, spread polyester fiber cloth, and fill soil until the entire greenhouse floor is fully finished. Afterwards, the plastic film was tightly covered on the soil surface, and the greenhouse was sealed for 15 days to increase the soil temperature to 40 degrees Celsius or more. In this way, the bacteria in the soil, especially the bacteria in the soil above the polyester fiber cloth, can be basically killed. Later in the process of vegetable cultivation, because of the polyester fiber cloth barrier, vegetable roots will not go deep into the underlying soil, thus avoiding soil-borne diseases. VIII. Light Insects Lights used for trapping and killing pests include black lights, frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, and the like. 1 Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura and so on can be trapped by black light. In cruciferous vegetable fields such as cabbage and broccoli, a black light is usually set up per hectare, and a pot of water is placed under the lamp. A small amount of washing powder is dissolved in the water so that insects can kill the water. 2 Frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp uses light, wave and color to attract pests and flutters. The external lamp is matched with frequency-vibration high-voltage power grid to achieve the purpose of killing adults and reducing the amount of eggs laid in the field, thus reducing the population density and controlling damage. Usually 2 hectares hang a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, pest control effect is better. The area to be placed differs depending on the kind of pests to be controlled and the power of the lamp. Covering insect nets in small sheds, sheds, greenhouses, greenhouses and net rooms above, around the doors and windows and vents, covering 20 to 30 mesh white or silver gray insect nets, completely able to stop the spotted fly, pods, locusts, Flying insects such as the moth. The use of 25-mesh insect nets on cowpeas resulted in 95% and 100% control of the first two pests, respectively. The spinach cultivated with the silver gray insect-repellent net with aphid-repelling effect achieved a 100% control effect on aphids. Ten, high-tech disease prevention and pest control using smoke technology to prevent vegetable diseases and insect pests have the advantages of rain erosion, long effect and other unique advantages. Covering pest control nets can eliminate the pests and other pests of the Liriomyza sativae and control the spread of pests and the occurrence of viral diseases. Using the virus-free technology of strawberries, it effectively reduces the occurrence of viral diseases and improves yield and quality.