On April 2, 2019, the latest multi-center study was published in the American medical journal JAMA. The researchers evaluated the use of PET scans to identify Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid plaques in the brain. The study included more than 11,000 health insurance beneficiaries with mild thinking disorders or dementia for uncertain reasons.

The technology, called "amyloid PET imaging," has changed the diagnosis of the cause of cognitive impairment in more than one-third of study participants.

The typical pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau protein "tangles" in the brain, and the presence of these plaques is necessary for diagnosis. Until recently, amyloid plaques could only be detected by brain tissue analysis after autopsy. Now, with the advent of amyloid PET, plaques are discovered by brain scans by injecting a "tracer" molecule that sticks to amyloid plaques and visualizing their position in the brain. It is possible to more accurately diagnose a person with this disease.

Although there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis means that the patient can receive treatment to control the symptoms and conduct clinical trials of the new drug.

Doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2000

In this latest study, PET scans showed that about one-third of patients previously diagnosed with Alzheimer's had no significant amyloid accumulation, and their diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was overturned. . On the other hand, PET scans showed a large accumulation of amyloid plaques, resulting in nearly half of patients not previously diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

The researchers also found that one-third of participants who had participated in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease did not show signs of amyloid accumulation based on PET imaging. Based on the imaging results, doctors can ensure that almost all (93%) of the patients involved in the Alzheimer's disease test are amyloid positive, which is critical to the success of these trials.

"We are impressed by the importance of these results, suggesting that amyloid PET imaging may have a major impact on how we diagnose and care for Alzheimer's and other forms of cognitive decline," said lead author of the study, California. Dr. Gil Rabinovici, Distinguished Professor of Neurology at the Center for Memory and Aging in the University of San Francisco, and Dr. Gil Rabinovici, member of the Institute of Neuroscience at the University of California, San Francisco, said.

Gil Rabinovici

"These results provide highly credible large-scale evidence that amyloid PET imaging can be a powerful tool for improving the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease and can improve medical management, especially in cases that are difficult to diagnose," Dr. Maria C. Carrillo, co-author of the Alzheimer's Association and co-author of the study, added, "It is important that amyloid PET imaging can be more widely used."

“Accurate diagnosis is critical to ensure that patients receive the most appropriate treatment. In particular, Alzheimer's drugs may worsen the cognitive abilities of people with other brain diseases,” Rabinovici stressed.

The research team is currently analyzing the second phase of the study, which will examine how amyloid PET scans affect post-scan health outcomes.

Reference material

Alzheimer's diagnosis, management improved by brain scans

Alzheimer's Diagnosis, Management Improved by Brain Scans

In Scans Spot, Track Alzheimer's

Source: Bio-Exploration

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