(A) cultivation season

The roots are sown in both the north and the south. Areas that fall faster in autumn and are severely cold in winter are planted earlier in autumn, areas that are cooled more slowly and not too cold in winter are planted later. From North China to the Yangtze River Basin and south of the Yangtze River, the sowing date can be from August 5 to September 5. Premature sowing is easy to draw early; too late sowing is not sufficient because of the early nutrient growth, which affects yield and quality, which is colder. Areas before harvest have been frost damage. The growing season in the alpine regions, such as Northeast China, is too short and there are many spring sowings.

(B) Sowing and seedling

Root mustard can be broadcast directly, and the Yangtze River Basin is mainly for seedling cultivation. The fleshy roots of the direct broadcaster have fewer branches and are neat in shape; the transplanters have more branches, but the centralized management is more convenient and the land can be fully utilized. To reduce succulent root branching, soil stripping and early transplanting can be used.

During the live broadcast, when the soil is dry, a 2 cm deep acupoint is dug, and after sowing, the soil is covered and irrigated. When the soil is wet, do not dig holes, sow according to the row spacing, and after sowing, rake the seeds into the soil. About 1500 grams of seed per hectare. The root mustard seeds are small, and the soil cover should not be too deep. The seedlings from the live broadcast can also be transplanted to Honda.

The nursery bed should be selected from soil with good water and fertility. Before the sowing, deep-cultivate 20 cm, apply 37,500 kg of organic fertilizer, 600 kg of superphosphate, and 3000 kg of plant ash as the base fertilizer. Rake finely before sowing, and make 130 cm wide 15 centimeters tall. Seeds of 4.5-6 kg per hectare can be planted for 15 hectares of Honda planting. After sowing, cover the sieved compost to the degree that the seeds are not visible, then water and cover the straw to prevent heavy rain and drought. Remove the covering in time after emergence.

When the true leaves are 2-3 and 3-4, the seedlings are removed once, and the weak seedlings and the bad seedlings with diseases and insects are removed. The seedlings are 6 cm apart. After thinning, thin liquid fertilizer was applied to control aphids 3 times. Breeding robust, disease-free and compact plant seedlings is the basis for high yield and quality.

(Three) land preparation and planting

Root mustard has less stringent soil requirements, but it is better to use organic soil-rich soil that retains water and fertilizers. Although the root mustard grows in a humid environment, it is cultivated on soil with a high groundwater level. The fleshy roots grow poorly, the water content is high, and the processing quality is poor. The land with good drainage and ventilation should be selected.

Before planting, the cultivated land was 20-30 cm deep, and the hoe was 1.5-2 m wide and 15 cm high. Depending on the size of the variety, the row spacing is 37-47 cm, and the plant spacing is 33-40 cm. Generally, 45,000-52500 plants are planted per hectare. Planting is too dense, and fleshy roots less than 250 grams are not suitable for processing.

At about 30 days of seedling age, about 5 true leaves settled. Slightly enlarged fleshy roots were already visible at that time. Before planting, water the soil to take seedlings. When planting, the straight roots of the seedlings should be perpendicular to the center of the planting hole. Do not bury the soil beyond the shortened stem, so that the roots are not distorted and not damaged. Branch root.

Root mustard requires sufficient fertilizer. Because fleshy roots are the main products, in addition to nitrogen as the main product for the growth of leaves and roots, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in particular. 37500 kg of compost per hectare, 600 kg of superphosphate, 3000 kg of plant ash or 300 kg of potassium chloride were applied per hectare.

(Four) field management

Topdressing of root mustard is carried out according to the principles of light, heavy and light. For the first time, 15,000 kg of thin animal manure plus 75 kg of urea was applied per hectare after planting to survive or direct seedlings to promote the formation of strong leaf clusters. When the leaves and fleshy roots grew rapidly for the second time, 15,000 kg of thicker manure water and 225 kg of urea were used. The fertilization time was about late October. For the third time, you can use thicker animal manure to see the growth of the seedlings. If the growth is very strong, you can stop fertilizing. Three times sharing 4000-5000 kg of animal manure. Topdressing was applied 1 month before harvest.

Root mustard's pregnancy buds, bolting and flowering have no strict requirements on low temperature, and early bolting often occurs years ago. Especially early maturing varieties are prone to premature bolting, which affects the yield and quality of fleshy roots. Therefore, topping should be done as soon as possible and the buds should be removed or the stems should be cut off with a knife near the base. Topping too late affects the quality of processed products.

(5) Harvesting

Root mustard must be harvested before frost in areas with heavy frost in winter. North China is severely cold in winter, with early sowing in autumn and a short total growing period, usually only about 90 days, and should be harvested from late October to early November. In warmer regions such as Yunnan and Sichuan, the early maturing variety has a growing period of about 120 days, the middle maturing variety has about 130 days, and the late maturing variety has about 140-150 days. The harvest period is generally from late December to early mid-January.

The sign of maturity is orange yellow at the base, and the root head changes from green to yellow. Side branches or flower buds are emerging from the axils of the leaves, and harvested in time. After harvesting, the epidermis thickens, the fibers increase, and the pumping or hollowing affects the processing quality. After digging up the fleshy roots, remove the side roots, or remove all the leaves according to the processing needs, or leave a few green leaves, and then treat them according to the processing needs. Generally yields about 30,000 kg per hectare.

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