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Management of North China and Huanghuai Wheat District needs early management and early management
North China and Huanghuai wheat areas include Hebei, Shandong, Henan and northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southern Shanxi, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain and other places. The current characteristics of the seedlings in this region are: the foundation of autumn seeds is good, soil moisture is suitable, and the current seedling condition is the best year in recent years. However, there are also unfavorable factors such as large area, large weeds in wheat fields, large bases for diseases and insect pests overwintering, and complex seedlings. The management of spring wheat should be early as early as possible, classify and guide, suppress and control prosperous, reasonably carry out water and fertilizer, and promote multiple grain weight of ear and foot. This will lay a good foundation for high yield of wheat. Suppression, prevention, and scaling up in spring and early spring wheat field suppression is an important agronomic measure to raise ancestry, control costs, and increase efficiency. Over-emerging wheat fields have been suppressed many times during the period of returning green to their beginnings, which can inhibit the growth of the shoots and control their growth. The repression should be combined with the demarcation, and generally should be pressed after the deterrence, in order to achieve the Panasonic real, lifting, protecting the earthworms, warming the role of; for autumn when the preparation site is extensive, depleted in many wheat fields, in early spring after soil defrosting To suppress the wheat field, to settling the soil, bridging the cracks, reducing water evaporation and avoiding cold air invading the frozen seedlings near the tillering festival; in dryland wheat fields without irrigation, repression of the wheat field after soil thawing in early spring can promote the water uptake in the soil. , protect the drought. To promote the combination of good control of water pouring wheat fields in North China and Huanghuai wheat fields, water quality, seedlings, soil fertility, soil fertility vary greatly, the spring of fertilizer and water management must be due to the appropriate seedlings, classification guidance. In the spring management, three types of wheat fields should be managed first, then two types of wheat fields, and one type of wheat fields should be managed. For Wang Miao, it is first necessary to repress and control Wang in the returning green period, and then apply watering according to the size of the group during the initial period or jointing stage. Take control as the main focus and manage the long seedlings. The length of mussels in Miaochang seedlings and wheat fields is generally more than 800,000. The plants are taller, the leaves are longer, the ear differentiation process of the main stem and the lower tiller is ahead of schedule, and it is prone to frost damage in early spring. After jointing, it is easy to cause grass cover in the field, poor lighting and lodging, and the management of spring fertilizer and water should be based on control. First, repression in the Qing Dynasty. This is the most effective measure to control Wang Miao's growth and turn it into a strong seedling. This year, Wang Miao has a large area, and it must do a good job of repression in the Qing Dynasty. The second is to spray Zhuang Fengan and other regulators to shorten the internodes of the base to prevent late lodging. Third, according to the size of the group, Wang Miao's fertilizer and water management. In the Wangmiao wheat field where there is no de-fertilization phenomenon, the seedlings should be repressed early in the spring to avoid excessive spring tillering. Fertilizing and watering in the jointing stage will yield 10-15 kilograms of urea. For wheat fields with defertilizer, if the population is small, early spring The total number of stems per mu is less than 800,000. In the initial stage, the top-dressing fertilizer is watered; if the group is large, the top-dressing fertilizer is watered in the middle of the season. Generally, about 10-15 kilograms of urea are topdressed to prevent seedlings from turning weak seedlings. To promote the main, do a good job in the management of three types of seedlings. The total number of stems per mu in the three types of wheat crops was less than 450,000 at the beginning of development, and most of them belonged to late-seeding weak seedlings. The spring fertilizer and water management should be promoted mainly. The spring topdressing is carried out in two stages. For the first time, when the 5 cm ground temperature stabilizes at 5°C in the returning green period, topdressing and watering are started. Mushi urea has 5-7 kg and moderate amount of diammonium phosphate to promote spring delivery and consolidate the pre-winter delivery. Increase the number of mu ears; the second time in the jointing stage, fertilize and water, increase the number of grains per ear. In the northern part of Huanghuai wheat district, there are no plots with water-flow conditions in northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, and central Henan and southern regions. Rainfall should be applied during spring rainfall. To promote control and integration, do a good job in the management of the second type of seedlings. The total number of stems per mu in the second crop field is 450,000-600,000. The focus of spring fertilizer management is to consolidate the pre-winter delivery, promote the occurrence of spring delivery, and increase the percentage of the tillers. The general level of soil fertility, the number of acres of 450,000-50 million in the second category of wheat, in the early stage of wheat crop up watering, combined with watering mu urea 10-15 kilograms; higher soil fertility level, the number of acres of 500,000-600,000 In the second type of wheat field, the top-dressing and watering of the wheat was started. In the northern part of the Huanghuai Wheat District, there are no water-concrete land plots in northern Jiangsu, northern Fujian, and central and southern Henan Provinces. Control and promote integration, do a good job in the management of a class of seedlings. The fertility level of a type of wheat is higher, and the total number of stems per acre is 600,000-800,000. It belongs to the strong seedlings and wheat fields and should be controlled and promoted to increase the ratio of tillers to spikes, and to promote panicles and grains. The first is to spray Zhuang Fengan and other regulators during the erection period to shorten the internodes of the base, control the prosperous growth of the plants, promote the roots to lower the bar, and prevent lodging in the late growth period. The second is to top up the water in the jointing stage of wheat, and mu recovery of 12-15 kg of urea. The plots in the northern part of the Huanghuai wheat region, in northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, and central and southern parts of Henan Province, where there is no irrigated condition, should be followed by rain-fighting joint-fertilizer in spring rainfall. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests to Prevent and Control Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests in Spring It is necessary to vigorously promote staging, mixed application, and cure various diseases and insect pests. Returning to the jointing stage is another peak of infection and spread of virus diseases such as Rhizoctonia solani, full erosion, root rot and other diseases such as Dwarfism and Yellow Dwarf, and it is also a hazard to wheat spiders, underground pests and weeds. The flourishing period is one of the key links in comprehensive wheat prevention and control. The plant protection departments throughout the country should do a good job in predicting and forecasting pests and diseases and guide farmers to prevent and control them in a timely manner. Concern about the weather to prevent early spring frost damage Early spring frost damage (cold spring) is a common disaster in early spring in North China and Huanghuai wheat areas. The most effective measure to prevent cold damage in early spring is to pay close attention to weather changes and water before cooling. Since the heat capacity of water is greater than the heat capacity of air and soil, watering in the air near the ground can increase the water vapor before the cold flow in early spring. When condensation occurs, latent heat is released to reduce the temperature fluctuation of the ground. Therefore, in areas with watering conditions, watering before the cold wave can regulate the microclimate near the ground, which has a very good effect on preventing early spring freezing injury.