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First, materials and methods
1. Pond conditions 10 ponds are selected, each has an area of ​​2 acres, east-west direction and sunrise, the soil is clayey, the bottom sludge is 20-30cm, the pool depth is 70-100cm, the water depth is 40-50cm, and the bottom of the pond is flat. , easy to enter and drain. The depth of the water outlet is lower than the inlet, facilitating the exchange of water and the clear pond. In order to facilitate catching, the pool is provided with a fish slide connected to the outlet, which is about 4% of the bottom of the pool and 30 to 35 centimeters deeper than the bottom of the pool. In order to prevent the muddy from fleeing, buried 30 cm deep around the pool with a 20 mesh polyethylene net, 30 cm above the water surface, and installed into the water outlet to block the net.
2. Clear ponds and fertilizers are stored 10 to 15 days before the ponds are sterilized. When the ponds are sterilized, the pool water is drained to check whether there are loopholes, and then the lime is used to clear the ponds with 150 kg lime per acre. Immediately after the whole pool spilled. One week after the clear pond, new water is injected and the new water injected is filtered through a strainer to prevent wild fish from mixing. After entering the water, the basal fertilizer was applied and 160 kg of chicken manure was applied per acre for the purpose of cultivating plankton for feeding after loaching. The transparency of the pool water is controlled at about 20 cm, and the water color is yellow-green.
3. Stocking Based on the local farming methods, compare the time, size, and density of seedlings so that better breeding models can be selected. The wild pheasants purchased from Hubei and Henan respectively received an average price of 7.6 yuan/kg. The seedlings were released from April 20 to June 28, and they were soaked with 2% to 3% saline for 5 to 10 minutes before stocking.
4. Daily management (1) Feeding: Artificial feeds are mainly used. Feeding once a day in the afternoon or in the afternoon, we use a loach special feed. The daily feed is 1.5% to 8% of the loach's body weight. The loach's feeding intensity is related to the water temperature. When the water temperature is below 20°C, the daily feeding amount is 1.5% to 3% of the body weight; when the water temperature is 20~23°C, the daily feeding amount is about 3% to 5% of the body weight: When the water temperature is 23 to 30°C, the daily feeding amount is about 5% to 8% of body weight. When the water temperature is low, 28% to 30% of the compound feed can be fed, when the water temperature is appropriate: 32% to 34% of the compound feed can be fed from the loach. Normally, it is fed 2 times a day, 60% in the morning 6 to 70%, and 40% in the afternoon. When the water temperature is higher than 30°C or lower than 10°C, cast less or stop feeding. In the muddy feeding season, do not let the muddy eat too much, because muddy gluttony, eat too much can cause intestinal over-congestion, affecting the intestinal breathing. Loach feed to achieve "four settings." In order to prevent excessive muddy gluttony in the food market, we adopted a method of setting up more food stations and distributing them evenly.
(2) Water quality control: The quality of muddy ponds should be “fat, live, tender, and coolâ€, the transparency should be controlled at 30 cm, the dissolved oxygen content should be above 3.5 mg/l, and the pH should be between 7.6 and 8.8. Regular observation of changes in water color, found that when the water is dark or too thick, it is timely to add new water or change water. In the early stage of cultivation, water is mainly used. In the middle and later stages of breeding, the water is changed every 2 to 3 days. Each time the water volume is changed from 20% to 50%, check and clean the food table once a day to observe the feeding conditions. Every 20 days, 20 grams/cubic meter of quicklime Quanchiposa once, every half a month with bleach 1 g/m3 disinfection of the food field once.
(3) Disease prevention and treatment: Regularly use 1% povidone iodine Quanchiposa so that the pool water reaches 0.5 g/m3.
(4) Trap: The effect of trapping the loach is better. A few ponds should be placed in a pond with a catch rate of more than 60%. When most of the loach is caught, it can be caught in a net to catch water.
Second, the test results Mud catching time from early October to early November.
1. The yield of seedlings was 29,100 kg, and 36,324 kg were harvested. The average weight gain rate was 24.9%, of which the highest weight gain rate was 64.4% and the minimum weight gain rate was 0.3%. The average size at the time of seedling was 109/kg, and the average size at the time of harvest was 69/kg.
2. Benefits A total of 20 acres of 10 ponds were harvested. The average selling price of loach was 18.45 yuan/kg, which together created a production value of 67,1273.9 yuan and a profit of 2,962,224.2 yuan. The highest pool profit was 42244.4 yuan, and the lowest pond profit was 1253.5 yuan.
Third, analysis and discussion
1. This type of aquaculture is not so much a high-density culture as it is a high-density stock raising. The general breeding cycle is more than three months, and its weight gain rate is only about 30%, which is much lower than that of other cultured species. However, feed costs accounted for a considerable proportion. This is mainly due to high density and large-scale stocking, so that the water environment has not been effectively improved, and the growth of loach has been slow. The benefits of aquaculture mainly come from the price difference of mud, from the purchase price of 7.6 yuan/kg at the time of seedling release to 18.45 yuan/kg at the time of sale, and the price has increased by 2.4 times. As long as the survival rate is high in the cultivation, good economic benefits can be obtained.
2. Under the aforesaid farming mode conditions, the time, size, density and other aspects of stocking loach have a direct impact on the economic benefits of farming. We found that from April to early May, it was during the period of loach spawning, when fishing and stocking were larger The loach has often reached sexual maturity and is unable to sustain injuries caused by feeding and transportation. In the 15 days after emergence, a large number of deaths of sexually mature loach occur. At the same time, sexually mature loach is not easy to grow. The size of the stocking loach is preferably between 110 and 130 tails per kilogram, which is too large to be mature and has a high mortality rate. It is not easy to meet the specifications of the commodity when it is too small. The stocking density should not exceed 2000 kg/mu and be controlled at 1300-2000 kg/mu. The best breeding time is to avoid the muddy breeding season, and you can choose to plant the seedlings after 2~3 months or mid-June.
3. The next step is to conduct a low-density, smaller-scale culture experiment on loach. I believe that it is better to stock 40,000 to 80,000/mu of oyster species of 3 to 4 cm in size before March each year. This will not only help the growth of loach, improve feed efficiency, but also meet the market specifications in the year, and will also reduce the disease and death caused by feeding and transportation.
Loach high density and high efficiency
In the past two years, an upsurge of aquaculture has developed in the surrounding areas of Lianyungang City, and thousands of tons of loach has been exported to South Korea and Japan each year. In 2004, we selected a 20-mu pond in Gifu Prefecture to carry out a muddy high-density intensive culture experiment and achieved good economic benefits. The test is summarized below.