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Development and Application of Humic Acid in Pesticides
In order to adapt to China's accession to the WTO and the need to develop green agriculture, it is imperative to make adjustments to the existing structure of domestic pesticide products. At present, those highly toxic, inefficient, and long-lasting products in China's pesticide production also account for a considerable proportion. There are basically three solutions: First, to develop and produce new pesticides that are highly efficient, low-toxic, low-residue, and environmentally friendly; second, to eliminate pesticides that do not meet environmental protection requirements; and third, to convert pesticides that do not meet environmental protection requirements. It is an environmentally friendly, low-toxicity, low-residue, environmentally friendly pesticide. Obviously, the third option is more practical. Therefore, Zeng Xiancheng, executive vice chairman of the China Humic Acid Industry Association, believes that the development of humic acid pesticides is one of the most effective ways to convert the original pesticides that do not meet the requirements of environmental protection into green environmental protection pesticides. The development potential is huge, and the market prospects are huge. broad. According to Zeng Xiancheng, humic acid (HA) is a kind of macromolecule organic matter formed by a series of decomposition and synthesis of microorganisms in animal and plant residues. It is widely found in weathered coal, lignite and peat, and is rich in resources. Humic acid is an organic carrier with good biological activity and various functional groups. It is also an intermediate substance that has the functions of plant respiration and photosynthesis. Therefore, humic acid is highly tolerable and can be combined with various substances. Humic acid and pesticides are mainly combined by way of interactions such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, proton transfer, electron transfer, and complexation, and a new type of pesticide polymer complex is formed. This is an environmental-friendly humic acid pesticide. Research and practice have shown that humic acid, together with insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, can enhance drug efficacy and reduce toxicity. The specific performance of - solubilization: humic acid can play a role of surfactants, the metal salt surface tension is lower than the surface tension of water, the pesticide can produce a significant dispersion and emulsification effect, can improve the solubility of soluble pesticides Ability; Synergy: humic acid can enhance the absorption of pesticides by plants, can increase the biological activity of pesticides and plant growth regulators, and can significantly improve the effectiveness of pesticides; Sustained release effect: humic acid significantly inhibits the decomposition rate of pesticides. Effect, and the greater the amount of humic acid, the slower the speed; Detoxification effect: humic acid can passivate those organisms that are sensitive to the toxicity of pesticides, stimulate the activity of enzymes that have antagonistic effects on pesticides, ease and reduce pesticides toxicity. Zeng Xiancheng emphasized that although humic acid and pesticides have obvious advantages in compounding, they must pay special attention to the following issues during the development process to more effectively play the role of humic acid and environmental protection pesticides. The effect of soil pH. Since humic acid is insoluble in water, sodium humate, potassium humate, etc. are often used in the compounding, which not only makes the medicament somewhat alkaline but also may affect the stability of the medicament, and may also have a certain influence on the pH of the soil. There is a certain benefit to the original application of more fertilizer and soil acidification, but it has a certain negative impact on the soil that was originally a saline-alkali soil. Heavy metal pollution in soil. Because humic acid can activate the bound elements in the soil, in addition to trace elements, heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and chromium are easily absorbed by crops, causing crop contamination. The problem of water solubility of humic acid. In this regard, the quality of the raw materials can be controlled and the dissolution rate can be increased to give full play to the role of humic acid. Formulation problems. In the process of using humic acid environmentally friendly pesticides, consideration should be given to water solubility issues. In the foliar treatment, small molecules of fulvic acid can be used. In the treatment of soil, granules and water dispersible granules are the best. In addition, we must pay special attention to the sources of biochemical fulvic acid, such as whether the strains are pure, whether they contain harmful bacteria, so as to avoid pest-induced pests and diseases and increase the number of pathogens in the soil.