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Clone good organic tea production technology
1. The choice of base The organic tea base selected must meet the ecological environmental quality standards for the production of organic (natural) foods, ie, it should be selected for fresh air, pure water, uncontaminated soil, fertile soil, excellent tea varieties, and surrounding forest trees. The lush, remote and mountainous areas with biological diversity try to avoid the industrial areas and traffic arteries of the bustling cities. 1. Atmosphere requirements There must be no atmospheric pollution sources around the base. In particular, there must be no pollution source on the tuyere at the tea plantation. The emission of harmful gases should meet the national first class standard for atmospheric environment. The coal-fired boilers used in production and daily life must be equipped with dust-removing and sulfur-proof equipment, and meet the atmospheric environmental quality standards for organic (natural) foods. 2. Water sources require surface water, groundwater, and water quality to be clean and pollution-free. There is no pollution source in the upstream of the base, and production and domestic water use meet the water quality standards for organic (natural) foods. 3. Soil requirements The base soil elements are located in the background normal area, there is no metal or non-metallic mines or pesticides around the pollution, soil fertility is high, in line with organic (natural) food soil standards. 4. The requirements for tea varieties are mainly stress resistance (resistance to pests and diseases, cold resistance, drought resistance, etc.), and the growth potential must be strong. Simultaneously, it is required to choose a pure, germinating tea plantation as a base. If planning a new species of tea plantation, it should also consider the use of clones of good varieties, and a reasonable mix of early, middle and late varieties. Seedlings can be selected from the province's new varieties of tea clones: Shangmeizhou, Da Mianbai, Yicha No.1, Ningzhou No.2 and Jiuqu 783; New varieties of neighboring provinces are: Wuniuzao and Pingyang. , Zhejiang Agricultural 113, Fuding Dahao, white early, etc., have good economic traits, suitable for planting and promotion in the province. II. Environmental Protection and Construction of the Base 1. Protection and Construction of Shelterbelts The original forest around the base, especially the wood on the upwind outlet, must be strictly protected to make it a protective forest belt for the base. If the original forest around the base is scarce, especially in the upwind, we must create shelterbelts that are conducive to the growth of good tea species. The forest belt and the tea line need to be separated by more than 2m, and the isolation trench is opened in the middle. Tree species require fast growth and strong wind resistance, such as Chinese fir, masson pine, paulownia, buckwheat, and acacia. 2. Street trees and shading trees For trees existing in the tea garden, as long as they have no adverse effects on the growth of the tea tree, they should be preserved and nursed to make it a street tree and shade tree in the tea garden. If the original trees in the tea plantation are scarce, it is necessary to replant the street trees and shading trees, but it is not appropriate to plant too densely. It is better to choose economic forests or ornamental trees that have deep roots and low winter leaves and have no joint pests and diseases with tea plants. 3. Ladder Wall Care For the weeds on the stairway of the terraced tea gardens, we must cut and replace the weeds, or plant green manure and slope protection plants on the ladder walls, such as climbing blue orchids, thornless mimosa, soybean, golden coneflower, tri-leaf pigs. Kidney beans and so on. 4. Green manure should be planted, and green manure crops should be planted in the young tea gardens and the reconstructed tea gardens in order to facilitate tea growth and soil improvement. 1 to 2 years old tea garden, choose dwarf, pod or semi-stem type green manure, such as groundnut, mung bean and so on. For 3-year-old tea gardens, green manures with shallow roots, short plant types, and fast growth can be used, such as black kidney beans, black soybeans, and small mung beans. The 4-year-old tea garden uses umbrella-shaped, high-grade green manures, such as green fodder and pigeonpeas. For the newly renovated tea plantations, short-term, early-maturing dwarf green manures, such as black kidney beans, should be selected. 5, tea plantation grass planting materials in accordance with local conditions, straw, wheat straw, bean stalks, green manure, mountain weeds, drying yard waste, leaves, sawdust, tea branches, etc. can be used. It is better to lay the grass thickness without exposing the ground, about 10cm, and the average amount of grass per mu is 1000 to 1500Kg. For grass-laying time, if it is suitable for drought and water retention in May-June, after the drought, it will be buried as fertilizer in September-October; for cold-resistant and frost-proof, it can be carried out in October-November, and will be buried in autumn next year. When fertilizers. III. Fertilization Principles and Fertilizer Types Organic tea garden fertilization is mainly based on farm organic fertilizers, with the application of humic acid fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and inorganic (mineral) fertilizers, etc. The use of harmful waste and sludge, hospital excrement and chemical synthesis is prohibited. fertilizer. Fertilizers used are the following: (1) Farmyard fertilizers. Including mature manure, human waste, biogas fertilizer, compost, manure, green manure, straw, all kinds of uncontaminated mud manure and cake fertilizer (applicable after high temperature fermentation). (2) Green manure. Suitable for summer green manure include kidney bean, mung bean, soybean, big leaf pig kidney bean, cassia bean, etc.; suitable for winter green manure is yellow peony, milk vetch, rudbeckia, faba bean, pea, radish, etc.; there are perennial Green manure, such as climbing orchids, amorpha, pigeonpeas and so on. Green manure can be directly buried during flowering, compost or manure, and can also be used as a tea garden soil cover. (3) Commercial fertilizers. Including commodity organic fertilizers, humic acid fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, inorganic (mineral) fertilizers (such as phosphate rock powder, mineral potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, etc.), special foliar biological bacterial fertilizer and so on. Others include organic fertilizer such as fish residue and bone meal. 4. Cultivation and Fertilization 1. Shallow cultivating and topdressing, shallow cultivating and topdressing combined with artificial rushes, according to the occurrence of weeds in the tea plantation, 2 or 3 times a year, 10 to 15 days before the first spring tea before the overwintering bud sprouts. After the spring tea every two times, the third time after the summer tea. After the shallow ploughing, the germinating fertilizer was applied, and the decomposed human feces and urine were mainly used, and the water was stored in Kaifenggou to prevent soil erosion and drought resistance. 2. Deep ploughing and basal deep ploughing times and times may vary depending on the specific circumstances, once a year or once a year or two, and the best period is from September to October. Deep plowing depth is usually about 30cm. Basal fertilizer can be applied in deep plowing. The amount of compost is 1,000kg/mu for compost or manure or 200～300kg/mu for cake, and appropriate amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate. V. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds in organic tea bases shall be based on the principles of improving the ecological environment, protecting natural enemies, controlling the occurrence of pests and weeds, and focusing on prevention and prevention. Agricultural, biological and physical control measures may be used, and artificial chemical synthesis of pesticides and synergists may be prohibited. 1. Agricultural prevention and control The agricultural control measures include timely picking, moderate pruning, diligent weed removal, deep plowing in autumn and winter, clearing of gardens, rational fertilization, and adoption of improved tea varieties. Through the above measures, the growth environment of tea trees can be improved, tea resistance can be enhanced, and the occurrence and harm of pests and weeds can be controlled and reduced. 2. Biological control Biological control mainly releases or protects parasitic and predatory natural enemies, uses living pathogenic microorganisms, insect and viral preparations, and plant-derived insecticides and fungicides. These control measures can be used as long as they are used properly. To better effect, and no residue. 3, physical control Physical control measures are mainly manual killing or removal. Use the phototaxis of pests to seduce with light, use sex hormones to trap and kill sweet and sour vinegar, expose soil under high temperature and so on. As long as you have a good grasp of the appropriate period of control, you can also receive better results. Six, organic tea processing plants around the environment and factory hygiene requirements 1, processing plants around the environmental health (1) organic tea processing plants should be away from public toilets, residential waste dumps (boxes), livestock farms, hospital septic tanks and other pollution sources, built In other factories and winds with potential sources of pollution. (2) Greening and beautifying the surrounding environment of the factory area. The main roads in the factory should be paved with hard road surface, which is easy to drain and meet the environmental hygiene standards for processing organic tea. 2. Hygienic requirements in the factory The workshop and warehouse house should be built firmly, with air circulation, bright lighting, and fly, dust-proof, moisture-proof facilities, no indoor mosquitoes and flies, no dust on the floor, no mildew on the walls, doors and windows, cleanliness , in line with the processing of organic tea indoor sanitary quality standards. VII. Management rules for harvesting, processing, packaging, storage and transportation of organic tea raw materials 1. Product quality and hygiene management. The processing plant has a corporate leader responsible for product quality and health management, and is assigned a specific responsibility. Product quality and health management systems must be implemented at all levels, and problems found in the production process should be promptly corrected and handled. 2, raw material management. According to the standard of processing organic tea, raw materials are harvested, and sub-standard and contaminated fresh leaves are not allowed to be harvested. Insist on the acceptance of raw materials into the factory. Fresh leaves harvested from fresh leaves and non-organic tea bases that do not meet the standards are not allowed to enter the factory or be handled separately. The fresh leaves entering the factory need to be put in the storage factory to keep the raw materials fresh, clean and hygienic. 3, technical supervision and management. Tea processing according to different tea requirements, perform different processes and operating specifications. The transfer of semi-manufactured products or finished products between processes must be subject to self-inspection and mutual inspection, and the results should be recorded in files for quality follow-up inspection. If it is found that there are defective and deteriorating (or contaminated) products, they must be stacked and handled separately and must not be mixed into genuine tea. Keep the workshop clean and tidy at all times, and store the tools in an orderly manner. After each work shift, clean the equipment, equipment, workshop, floor, and walls, and close the doors and windows. Tea machine lubricants use edible oils. It is forbidden to enter the workshop with poisonous, odor-absorbing or irrelevant materials (including wearing various jewellery). Food, smoking, or spitting on the processing site is not allowed. The staff of the workshop dresses according to the regulations. Non-workshop personnel, including those who come to visit the factory, are all loaded in accordance with the same requirements. Regular physical examinations are performed on the staff of the workshop, and those who are unhealthy or have infectious diseases cannot take up posts. 4, packaging management. The finished tea that has passed the product inspection must be packed in the warehouse in a dry and hygienic environment. The packaging containers should be dry, clean, and have no odor, in line with food hygiene standards. The packaging should be firm, sealed, and moisture-proof to maintain the quality of the tea. Stereotype packaging should be printed with organic (natural) food marks and quality standards and production date. Non-organic (natural) foods must never be stored in a special warehouse for organic tea. 5, storage and transportation management: storage and transportation should be in accordance with the preservation of organic tea and health requirements.