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1 Occurrence of the culprit is characterized by the buds and young leaves of the juvenile tree that are sucked by nymphs and adults. Buds and young fruit juice. The victim's leaf buds first showed chlorotic spots. As the leaves stretched, the small spots gradually became irregular holes, commonly known as "broken leaf disease" and "broken sunroof." After the flower buds are affected, they stop development, wither and fall off, and in severe cases, their flowers almost fall off. After the young fruit was damaged, some black necrotic spots appeared, and some ridges had uplift. The pulp tissue was necrotic and most of the victims fell off, seriously affecting the yield.
5th generation of this insect 1a occurred in this area. Winter eggs in weeds, sick and shallow soils. From March to April of the following year, when the average temperature is above 10°C and the relative humidity is about 70%, the overwintering eggs begin to hatch. The first generation occurred in the first half of May in the first half of the year and it was the date bud. The second generation occurred in mid-June, the damage of jujube flowers and young fruit, is the heaviest generation of jujube. The third, fourth, and fifth generations occurred in mid-July, mid-August, and mid-September. The phenomenon of overlapping generations is serious. The main damage is under the tree beans, corn and other crops.
2 Outbreak causes
1) Wide range of parasitics. In the region, Llubarium was originally a pest on pastures and cotton, but with the adjustment of agricultural structure, it was transferred to fruit trees, vegetables, and other economic crops. The jujube, beans, eggplant and melons in the area suffered severe damage in 2001, and some plots even lost production.
2) Suitable climatic conditions. The occurrence of L. lucidum is closely related to climatic conditions. Temperature of 20 ~ 30 °C, relative humidity of 80% ~ 90% is most suitable for its occurrence. In April 2001, the average temperature was 21°C. On April 29th, the rainfall was 25.6 mm. The temperature and humidity were very favorable for the hatching of overwintering eggs, which led to the peak of the first generation of green-blind pupa in May and mid-May. On the one hand, it directly affects the flower bud differentiation and bud development of jujube trees. On the other hand, it directly harms the young buds, causing the buds to fall off and affecting the formation of buds. This is also one of the reasons why the date buds of the jujube trees were too low in 2001. On June 13th, 14th, and 16th, continuous rainfall in the region, with a rainfall of 35 mm, combined with the unsatisfactory control effect of the first generation of L. lucidum, the large number of insect populations, and the subsequent outbreak of the second generation of L. lucidum disaster. According to statistics, the fruit drop rate is 40%, and the severe one is as high as 70%, which reduces the production of jujube by 30% to 60%.
3) The prevention is not timely. The lumbricus has been discovered in the region since 1986, but it has not been effectively controlled. On the one hand, many adults of L. entomophila climbed to the leaves or buds at night or early in the morning to feed on the food. They were frightened and crawled quickly. Because of their small size and body color, they were not easily detected. On the other hand, because of irregularities and small scales over the years, it did not constitute disasters, which led to the production of attention. In 2001, it was not included in the target of prevention and control. When it was discovered that its damage to date fruit was serious, the Lumbricus had grown into an adult and had a strong ability to fly. It missed the timing of spraying and was difficult to control.
3 control methods
1) Agricultural control. The green-lipped carp is wintering with eggs in dead branches, weeds, and rough cracks. In combination with the winter garden, scraping the bark in the spring can reduce overwintering eggs. Or in the middle and late March, scraping bark and spraying 3 to 5 lime sulfur can kill some of the overwintering eggs.
2) Chemical control. The hatching of green-lipped eggs requires more than 65% relative humidity. Therefore, depending on the weather conditions, it should be sprayed in the nymph stage of each generation at the beginning of May, mid-June, mid-July, and late, to prevent and cure. It is best to use a combination of sprays with good contact and good absorption. For example, 4.5% of beta-cypermethrin EC 2500-3000 times and 5% acetamiprid (Green Park No. 2 EC) 3000-3500 times mixed spray. Since the Lush Loach is generally lurking under the tree weeds and rows of crops during the day and damages the trees at night, the spray should focus on the trunk, weeds on the ground, and intercropping crops. Do it with strict spray and spray under the tree. Once adulthood occurs, the whole village should be sought out, and even the whole township jujube should spray pesticides in the evening or in the morning to prevent adult streaks from flying and achieve the purpose of eradication.
Altitude: high altitude area light, clean air, environment close to original condition, no industrial pollution. With an average elevation of 1160-2900m, the central health center has a strong uv light, which produces the natural pollution-free apple, which conforms to the concept of a modern green diet.
Temperature: moderate temperature can avoid the chance of fruit tree encountering disease. The average temperature in ningxia is 8.4 degrees Celsius, which has an important influence on the growth, development, yield and quality of apple. The piedmont apple is thriving in such a good environment.
Humidity environment: moderate amount of rainfall provides necessary conditions for apple's growth. The annual rainfall in the central health region is 186 millimeters. The fruit is slow to grow and the fruit is hard and hard, which fully guarantees the fruit's sugar content and the relatively average size of apples.
Sunshine condition: apple is the fruit tree, the central health area of the whole year is nearly 3,800 hours, is beneficial to the Apple Fruit coloring. The piedmont apples are red and bright.
Temperature difference factors: ambassador apple nighttime respiration weak temperature gap between day and night, consume less organic matter, the accumulation of organic matter during the day more, that apple store down a large number of glucose sugar candy, etc have better taste. The average diurnal temperature difference between apple and apple is 14 degrees centigrade, and the larger diurnal temperature difference ensures the sweet and delicious characteristics of the apple.
Other factors: frost can make apple blossom and fruit, which can cause frozen flower jelly, which is bad for apple's production. The piedmont apple has been kept at least 167 days without frost for the whole year, which minimizes the influence of apple on yield and quality.
Causes and Prevention Methods of Lumbosacidae on Jujube Trees
L. lucidula, also known as forage grasshopper, can harm a variety of fruit trees, vegetables, cotton, alfalfa and other economic crops. In 2001, the Lumbricus larvae occurred in large areas in the jujube area of ​​Luzhou and seriously damaged the fruit, which is rare in history. According to June 16 to 18 (the second generation of Lumbosacopters took place), 26 jujubes were surveyed in Yangcun Temple and Liuzhuangzi in Huangdingpu Township, Gifu Prefecture. The average number of jujube trees was 2,688, and the highest one was 1. Up to 4032 heads. The jujube areas such as Jixian County and Xianxian County are all prevalent, with an area of ​​nearly 667,000 square hectares.