At present, most of the apple producing areas in the country have entered the apple color changing period. The degree of apple color conversion is a key indicator that determines the fruit selling, storage quality and fruit farmers' income. Therefore, how to do the cultivation management before and after the color change is very important. To this end, we summarize the experience of apple color management in various places, in order to provide technical reference for Apple color change. The specific measures are as follows:

1 Maintain a suitable leaf-to-fruit ratio

The pigments that determine the color development of the fruit are mainly chlorophyll, carotene, anthocyanins and flavonoids. Yellowing of yellow apple varieties is the result of chlorophyll decomposition and increased carotene. The reddening of the fruit is mainly due to the action of anthocyanins, and the formation of anthocyanins is related to sugar, temperature and light. Sugar is the precursor of anthocyanins, ensuring that the supply of sugar is important for red development. Therefore, maintaining a suitable leaf-to-fruit ratio, improving leaf function and photosynthetic efficiency, plays an important role in promoting fruit coloration.

Before and after the color change of apple fruit, spraying plant growth regulators to rationally regulate the nutrient supply of apple branches, leaves and fruits, not only can ensure the reasonable leaf-to-fruit ratio of fruit trees, but also can transfer organic substances such as sugars and other mineral elements to fruits. It provides an important guarantee for the improvement of fruit color and appearance quality.

At this stage, we recommend Zheng's Chemical's Jinbang 2000 times liquid spray. In the later stage, the spraying of the fungicide can positively promote the coloring of the fruit.

2 fruit coloring period spray water

Before the fruit matures, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to the accumulation of sugar and is conducive to coloring. During the fruit coloring period, spraying the water several times on the fruit in the evening can not only wash off the dust on the leaves, but also facilitate photosynthesis, reduce the surface temperature of the fruit, increase the temperature difference between day and night, increase the accumulation of sugar, and promote the coloration of the fruit.

3 improve the lighting conditions of the orchard

In addition to affecting photosynthesis, light can also directly affect fruit coloration. For example, ultraviolet light can promote fruit coloration, so it is necessary to pay attention to improving the light conditions of the orchard. The light conditions in the crown of Red Fuji apple are positively correlated with the coloring index. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain reasonable branch density, adjust the direction and number of branches on the outer back, and remove the light-blocking branches early, so that the light transmittance of the crown is more than 30%, and the fruit is promoted. See light coloring.

One month before the fruit matures, the shading leaves and the fruit leaves within 5 cm around the fruit are removed to prevent the fruit from forming a spot on the shade. After picking the leaves, the fruits or branches are turned, the yin and yang surfaces are exchanged, and the sunlight is alternately received to promote the overall coloration of the fruits.

The Red Fuji apple is placed on the ground under the canopy for 40 days before the harvest, so that the inner crown of the canopy and the lower part of the fruit, especially the fruit, can be fully colored.

4 磷 application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer

Mineral nutrition also has a significant impact on fruit coloration. Too much nitrogen is unfavorable to the development of red. The direct cause is that nitrogen and available sugars synthesize organic nitrogen, thereby reducing the need for synthetic anthocyanins for sugar; the indirect reason is to promote the growth of branches and leaves, affecting tree illumination. Therefore, it is not advisable to apply more nitrogen fertilizer after entering August. In particular, it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer before harvesting, and pay attention to increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can accumulate sugar and transport it to the fruit. The coloration of the fruit is closely related to the sugar content. When the sugar content reaches 12 degrees or more, the fruit begins to color. The higher the sugar content, the better the coloration.

In the early stage of coloring, we recommend using Zhengshi Chemical's Super Phosphorus Potassium 500 times liquid spray, sprayed 15-20 days before bag picking, and used twice in a row.

5 moderate drought

Fruit coloring and moderate drought during bagging are beneficial to fruit coloration. But be careful not to lack water. Therefore, water should be poured and water should be poured as little as possible according to the weather conditions, otherwise the fruit coloration and sugar content will be affected.

6 pick up the bag at the right time

Picking a bag too early or too late is not conducive to fruit coloring. The red Fuji apple picking bag in the northwest fruit area is suitable for late September. If there is rain, picking up the bag after rain is good; the low-altitude fruit area in the east should be finished by October 5 at the latest. The double-layer paper bag is first taken out of the outer bag, and the inner bag is removed after 3 to 4 sunny days. The single-layer paper bag first tears the outer bag from the bottom, and then completely picks up the bag after 3 to 5 sunny days. The bag picking time depends on the variety. Generally, the mid-late ripe red variety should be 15 to 20 days before harvesting, and the late-maturing red variety should be removed from the bag 20 to 25 days before harvest. In order to avoid the stimulation of the fruit after the bag is picked, the medicine should be sprayed before picking up the bag.

In summary, comprehensively adopting the above cultivation management measures will effectively solve the coloring problem of some apple varieties, achieve the beautiful appearance of redness at the time of harvest, improve quality and increase profits.

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