Ningxia Kofolon
International Co.,Ltd make and export dry spicy Horseradish Flakes.We
have our horseradish planting base with 5000 acres.Our dry spicy horseradish flakes is
used as material for sushi condiments for Japanese food,sea food and fashion
food. Our dry spicy horseradish
flakes with high quality and suitable price in the market and well sold in Japan,Korea,America,Europe,Brazil,Taiwan,South-East
Asia,etc.
We can made dry spicy
horseradish flakes as your request,such as quality,price,packing,grade.,etc.
More details is
following.
Packing :20kgs/CTN 900CTNS/40'HC
Ingredients:horseradish
Delivery:20 days
MOQ:1000KGS
Dehydrated Horseradish Flakes,Horseradish Flakes,Dry Horseradish Flakes,Dehydrated Horseradish NINGXIA KOFOLON INTERNATIONAL CO.,LTD. , https://www.kofolon.com
About RNAi Technology
RNA interference (RNAi) refers to the highly conserved, highly-specific degradation of homologous mRNA induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during evolution.
There are two main reasons why RNAi is sought after. On the one hand, RNAi can be said to be the touchstone of gene function test. Using RNAi technology can shorten the time for human understanding and understanding of human gene function, and it is expected that most of human beings will be expected in the near future. The function and role of genes are all clear; on the other hand, researchers are expected to use this technology to obtain new gene drugs that inactivate disease-causing genes, which have been sought after by the biotechnology community.
In 2002, two major academic journals, Nature and Science, regarded RNA interference technology as a major breakthrough in the life sciences. It was considered to be enough to find antibiotics in the early 20th century, opening another direction for gene therapy.
In October 2006, the 2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Andrew Phil, Professor of Pathology and Genetics at Stanford Medical School in the United States, and Craig Melo, Professor of Molecular Medicine at the Massachusetts Medical School, for their discovery of RNAi mechanisms.
RNAi has so far had a huge impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. This is one of the reasons why the Nobel Prize Judging Committee did not insist on the “conventions†that the results of the research have been verified for decades. It is one of the reasons for the awarding of Phil and Merlot.
At present, RNA interference therapy technology is rapidly entering the human trial stage. Several siRNA drugs have entered clinical trials. The first RNAi drug Bevasiranib (Acuity Pharmaceuticals, USA) is in Phase III clinical trial and is expected to be approved for marketing in 2009. .
Some viruses use the above mechanism to send viral RNA into cells and use their ribosomes to produce their own proteins. These viruses, which store genetic information in RNA, enter a cell and use a self-contained enzyme to make a copy of the DNA so that it can link to the production process of the cell "DNA-mRNA-protein". In this regard, cells also have countermeasures. The method uses an enzyme called Dicer to cut the invading virus into a number of small segments; afterwards, these small RNAs will naturally and automatically stick to its mRNA, interfering with the ribosome-producing proteins. This is a mechanism by which cells protect themselves, called RNA Interference (RNAi).
RNAi is a ubiquitous and very conserved mechanism in eukaryotes and a natural antiviral mechanism. The mechanism of action of RNAi can be briefly described as "double-stranded RNA degrades mRNA to block the synthesis of specific proteins". The specific process is as follows: 
The siRNA is then conjugated to a ribonuclease complex to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The complex relies on ATP release to depolymerize the siRNA duplex into a single strand to activate RISC. Activated RISC cleaves gene transcripts with homologous sequences by the principle of base-pair pairing determined by siRNA, ultimately leading to gene silencing effects.
At the same time, new dsRNA molecules are synthesized in the RNAi process. When the siRNA antisense strand recognizes and binds to the target mRNA, the siRNA antisense strand can be used as a primer, and the target mRNA is used as a template in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA2 dependent RNA). Polymerase, RdRP) catalyzes the synthesis of new dsRNAs, which are then cleaved by Dicer to generate new siRNAs. The new siRNAs then recognize a new set of mRNAs and generate new siRNAs. After several synthetic cycles, the silencing signal is amplified. It is this target2 directed amplification mechanism that confers efficiency and persistence of RNAi.
As a mediator of RNAi, siRNA is a 21- to 23-bp double-stranded ribonucleic acid with a 3' two-nucleotide TT overhang, which specifically degrades the target gene by sequence complementary pairing.
As a rapid, effective and specific tool for inhibiting gene expression, RNAi is mainly used in two aspects: gene function research and nucleic acid interference (RNAi) therapy.
• Gene function research
At the same time, gene therapy using genetic engineering methods to correct or replace defective genes has become a hot topic in basic and clinical medical research. The premise of implementing gene therapy is to understand disease-related genes and verify their function using specific techniques, such as gene knock-out.
With RNAi technology, researchers can specifically silence the target gene by observing the function of the gene and the participating signal networks by observing the changes in the expression of the cells and the organisms from the morphology to the physiological and biochemical changes. the study. Compared with other methods, RNAi technology has its unique advantages in gene function research: 1 Simple and easy to carry out; 2 Shorter experimental period and lower cost than gene knockout; 3 Compared with antisense technology, Highly specific and efficient; 4 can perform high-throughput gene function analysis.
• RNAi treatment
Because RNAi is aimed at gene silencing in the post-transcriptional stage, the whole process design is simpler, faster, and more effective than traditional gene therapy knockout. This opens up new avenues for gene therapy. The general idea is to control the abnormal protein synthesis process or the replication and expression of exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids in the disease by enhancing the RNAi mechanism of key genes.
Therefore, by looking for siRNAs that cause specific gene silencing, specific high-efficiency siRNA drugs can be developed. At present, most drugs are targeted at proteins. To develop such drugs, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the function and structure of proteins. The development of mRNA-targeted RNAi therapy is not subject to advances in protein structure research.
Nucleic acid interference refers to the phenomenon of highly specific and homologous degradation of homologous mRNA induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is highly conserved during evolution. Once discovered, RNAi quickly became one of the most active hotspots in the field of biological research. Science ranked it as one of the top ten scientific achievements in 2001, and in 2002 it ranked first among the top ten technologies; Nature siRNA was also named one of the most important scientific discoveries of 2002; two American scientists, Farr and Melo, who discovered the mechanism of RNAi in 2006, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
RNAi technology can specifically eliminate or turn off the expression of specific genes. It is a rapid, effective and specific tool for inhibiting gene expression. It has been widely used to explore gene function, viral diseases (mainly AIDS and hepatitis) and malignant tumors. The field of gene therapy. On the one hand, RNAi is the touchstone of gene function testing. RNAi technology can greatly shorten the time for human understanding and understanding of human gene function and function. On the other hand, RNAi technology can be used to obtain novel genes that inactivate disease-causing genes. The drug, the siRNA drug.
Small interfering nucleic acid (siRNA)
Small interfering nucleic acid (abbreviation: siRNA; Chinese abbreviation: small nucleic acid) is a double-stranded short nucleic acid with a specific gene code, generally 21-23 bp (base pair) in length. In general, a gene usually contains thousands of bps, and siRNA is a specific sequence of 21 to 23 bp in length.
The siRNA can be cloned into a siRNA expression vector, which functions to bind to the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of a specific target gene in a mammalian cell, degrade it, and lose the target gene expression to "silence", that is, "close" the gene. Features. The mechanism by which this siRNA degrades mRNA to block specific protein synthesis is nucleic acid interference (RNAi).
The mechanism and application of RNAi
Mechanism and application of RNAi technology
RNAi mechanism
Genetic material, the chemical name is "deoxyribonucleic acid", referred to as DNA. DNA contains a code of about 20,000 proteins. When a cell decides to make a protein, the DNA code belonging to that protein is "photocopied" (professionally known as Transcription Transcription) and is made into a "copy" RNA of RNA, also known as mRNA. The copy of the mRNA goes to the protein "factory" (ribosome) in the cell, and then the twenty amino acids are combined into one protein in order.
First, exogenous or in vivo long double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is first degraded by Dicer enzyme into a small molecule double-stranded RNA of 21 to 23 bp (base pair) in length (called small interfering nucleic acid, Small interfering RNA, siRNA), which is an ATP-dependent energy consuming process. The cleaved siRNA has a 3' two nucleotide TT overhang.
RNAi application
The greatest bioengineering of the twentieth century, the Human Genome Project, under the leadership of the United States and the global cooperation, spent 15 years, costing 30 billion US dollars, in 2000 successfully resolved the human genome's 3 billion genetic code. Although the structure of the human genome of about 30,000 is clear, what is the function of various gene products? How does it work in the human body? What are the problems associated with the disease and how it is used to treat the disease, etc., are still at a loss.
RNAi terminology
Nucleic acid interference (RNAi)