Land selection and fertilization

1.Plot selection:

In order to obtain high-quality and high-yield potatoes, it is very important to choose soil suitable for potato growth. The plot of potato cultivation should meet the following two basic conditions:

The first is to choose slightly acid sandy loam or loam for fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer, and loose soil for cultivation.

The second is to select plots of solanaceous crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants that have not been cultivated within three years to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Former crops are preferably legumes, cruciferae, cereals, and other crops. For example, soybeans, rapeseed, shallots, and garlic are used as previous crops, which can also effectively prevent the bacterial bacterial wilt disease.

Third, the plots sprayed with tofu, sulfasulfuron, mesosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, sulfasulfuron, and atrazine in the previous crops could not be planted with potatoes in 1-3 years.

2. Fertilize the land:

The amount of fertilizer applied has a greater relationship with soil types and fertility. Generally, for medium-fertile soil, the total amount of fertilizer applied per acre is 35-50 quintals of compost, and (15-15-15) 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100 ～ 150 kg, 100 kg of biological organic fertilizer. In greenhouse cultivation of potatoes, the required fertilizer is generally applied in two parts, once as a base fertilizer before the cultivated land, and once as a seed fertilizer when sowing. Generally, no topdressing is required during growth.

After the fertilizer is prepared, the soil should be deeply plowed before the beginning of winter. Before the ploughing, the soil and fertilizer should be applied at one time, and the ternary compound fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer should be applied in half of the acres. Then deep plough about 30 cm to freeze and weather the soil and reduce overwintering pests.

Sheds and sheds

In early spring, potato planting in protected fields mostly adopts three-mode cultivation. Generally, the ridges (6 ridges, 8 ridges, and 10 ridges) are used as an arch shed according to the width of the greenhouse. The shed consists of a steel frame shed, a bamboo pole shed, and a multi-story shed. The shed is best oriented from north to south, and is arranged from east to west.

The greenhouse should be completed 15-20 days before the sowing of potatoes, and the greenhouse film should be buttoned to facilitate the thawing of the soil and increase the ground temperature.

Button film: Greenhouse film mostly chooses no-drip film with a thickness of 0.06-0.12 mm. Generally, a three-layer film is used. The junction of the top film and the skirt film should overlap 20-30 cm. Press the top film outside the skirt film. The grounding part of the film should be sealed with soil, and the pressure line between the two arches should be tightened and fixed. When the film is covered by the greenhouse, it should be selected in a windless weather to avoid wind blowing, which is not conducive to covering the film or tearing the film.

The second film is preferably a polyethylene film with a thickness of about 0.03 to 0.04 millimeters, and is on an arch frame about 40 cm away from the roof film. In this way, a "warm shell gallbladder" style "shed in a shed" is formed. When the two membranes are not in use, they can be fixed on one side arch with plastic rope.

Selection and treatment of seed potatoes

1. Variety selection

Early spring potatoes generally use early-maturing varieties with early tubers, fast tuber expansion, short dormancy, high yield, high quality, and disease resistance. For example, Holland No. 7, Holland No. 15, and Holland 803 are grown with Zaodabai, Zhongshu No. 3, Zhongshu No. 5, and Eugene 885. Virus-free seed potatoes must be certified and resolutely put an end to commercial potato cultivation.

Generally, the seed potato of the early spring potato has a low temperature in the body due to long-term cellaring, and its physiological functions are suppressed, so that the seed potato is in a dormant state. If the seedlings are immediately germinated and sown, the emergence is often slow and uneven, which affects the yield. Therefore, before sowing, seed potato treatment should be performed to break the dormancy to facilitate early emergence.

2.Taking seeds

There are many ways to treat seed potatoes. Sun-dried potato is a commonly used method. Generally, 150 kilograms of seed potatoes need to be prepared per acre. On a sunny day, the selected seed potatoes are placed in the sun at a temperature of 12-15 ° C to awaken to promote the potato to release the dormant period. Turn it once a day during the sun, so that the seed potatoes can evenly see the light. During the turning process, the hybrid potato with abnormal shape of the potato, such as rotten potatoes, soft and black rot diseased potatoes, deformed potatoes, aging potatoes, Bud eye necrosis, frostbite potatoes, etc. After sun-planting for 2 to 3 days, you can cut and germinate according to the size of the potato pieces.

3.Sprouted potatoes

Germination before sowing is an important measure for potato market in spring. It can not only promote the early emergence of potatoes, but also increase the potato's growth period by 7 to 10 days. It is helpful to avoid high temperature and aphid damage. . The germination time is generally about 25 days before the suitable potato seeding period. The methods of germination include diced germination and whole potato germination. Dicing promotes germination because it breaks the top advantage of seed potatoes (tubers). After cutting, the bud eyes on each cut get similar nutrient conditions, and the germination speed is fast and the size is more consistent. At the same time, dicing is also a process of eliminating diseased potatoes, which not only can make the young shoots take root quickly, but also emerge early and uniformly, which is conducive to high yield, so it is widely used in production.

(1) Dicing: The cutting time is preferably 1 to 2 days before germination. If it is too early, the cutting will lose more water or cause rotten seeds.

(2) Knife disinfection: One person needs to prepare two knives for cutting, use them alternately, and put 75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to sterilize before cutting.

(3) Dicing method: The yield of potato tail buds after planting is very low, only one third of the top buds or side buds. Therefore, when cutting potatoes for high-yield cultivation, the tail buds should be cut off. Generally, seed potatoes below 50 grams can be sown whole, and only the tail buds can be cut off. For 50 to 100 grams of seed potatoes, all two petals in the vertical direction after cutting off the tail buds; For 100-150 grams of seed potatoes, cut one-third of the tail first, and then split it from the top bud, so that it is cut into three pieces; 150-gram seed potatoes, from the tail according to the number of bud eyes, according to the length of the bud eyes along the vertical The oblique direction cuts the seed potato obliquely into several small triangles. The incision should be close to the budding eye, which can stimulate early germination and facilitate early emergence.

When cutting with one knife, the other knife should be soaked in disinfectant and disinfected, and the knife should be changed after each cut. When you cut into diseased or rotten potatoes, you need to stop immediately, dip the knife in the disinfectant solution configured for a second disinfection, and then cut with another knife to prevent the disease from spreading during the cutting process.

The size of the cut pieces should be uniform, generally 25-30 grams per piece, and at least one healthy bud eye should be kept for each piece.

The cut seed pieces are spread out in the leeward sun, and the incision water is dried to promote wound healing. In order to avoid the knife edge infection of potato pieces, and to prevent the damage of seedling diseases and underground pests, it is best to carry out seed dressing.

(4) Seed dressing: 100g of 70% Antaisen (zinc propion) wettable powder mixed with 20% of 60% high Qiao (Imidacloprid) suspension seed coating agent, added to 1-1.5kg of water, shake and sprayed on 100kg of seed potatoes. This formula can not only prevent the harm of seedling aphids, underground pests, and gold needles, but also make the potato pieces shoot early, grow strong and have high yield.

(5) Germination: Put the mixed seed pieces into a basket and place them in a room with an ambient humidity of 85% and a temperature of 18-22 ° C. It is best to cover them with a damp cloth for germination. When the buds grow to about 1-2 centimeters, put them under scattered light to air them, so that they can evenly see the light. When the buds turn into dense green shoots, you can prepare for sowing.

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