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Organic tea production technical regulations 1 Scope This standard specifies the organic tea production base planning and construction, soil management and fertilization, pest and weed control, tea tree pruning and picking, conversion, test methods and organic tea garden discrimination. This standard applies to the production of organic tea. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard. GB 11767 Tea seed and seedlings GB/T 14551 Determination of biological properties of BHC and DDT Gas chromatography NY 227 Microbiological fertilizer NY 5196 Organic tea NY 5199 Organic tea Origin Environmental conditions GL 32 (Rev.1) United Nations organic food production and processing , Marking and Market Guideline 3 Base Planning and Construction 3.1 Organic tea production bases should be selected in accordance with the requirements of NY 5199. 3.2 Base planning 3.2.1 is conducive to maintaining soil and water, protecting and promoting the biodiversity of the tea garden and its surrounding environment, maintaining the ecological balance of tea gardens, and giving full play to the excellent seed quality of tea varieties, facilitating the irrigation and drainage of tea gardens, mechanical operations and daily operations in the fields, and promoting tea Sustainable production. 3.2.2 Based on the topography and topography of the tea plantation base, reasonable arrangements are made for the tea plant, tea planting area (block), roads, irrigation and irrigation systems, as well as shelterbelts, green manure cultivation areas and breeding areas. 3.2.3 When building a new base, natural vegetation should be preserved in areas where the slope is greater than 25, soil depth is less than 60 cm, and tea trees are not suitable for planting. For large and concentrated bases, some forest land should be reserved or set at regular intervals. 3.2.4 It is forbidden to destroy the forest to develop organic tea gardens. 3.3 Roads and Water Conservancy 3.3.1 Set up a reasonable road system to connect farms, tea factories, tea gardens and off-site transportation to improve land utilization and labor productivity. 3.3.2 Establish a complete drainage and irrigation system so that it can store energy. Conditional tea gardens to establish water-saving irrigation systems. 3.3.3 Isolation ditch and belt should be set at the junction of tea gardens and surrounding steep slopes, forest lands and farmland; terraced tea gardens should have a horizontal ditch in the inner side of each terrace. 3.4 Tea plantation cultivation 3.4.1 Tea plantation should pay attention to soil and water conservation in reclamation. According to different slopes and topography, appropriate time, methods and construction techniques should be selected. 3.4.2 Contoured slopes with a slope of 15 or less; elevations of 15 or more, and construction of contoured gardens. 3.4.3 When the depth of revetment is more than 60 cm, remove the hard layer, the textured layer and the plow bottom layer in the soil. 3.5 Tea plant varieties and cultivation 3.5.1 The varieties should adapt to the local climate, soil and tea, and have strong resistance to the major pests and diseases in the area. Strengthen the mix of different genetic characteristics. 3.5.2 Seed and seedlings should come from organic agricultural production systems. However, when organic seeds and seedlings that cannot be certified at the initial stage of organic production can be used, conventional seeds and seedlings that are not treated with prohibited substances can be used. 3.5.3 The quality of seedlings shall meet the Class 1 and Class 2 standards specified in GB 11767. 3.5.4 It is prohibited to use genetically engineered seeds and seedlings. 3.5.5 Planting with single or double row planting and planting of highland tea plantation. Apply organic base fertilizer before planting to a depth of 30 cm to 40 cm. 3.6 Ecological construction of tea gardens 3.6.1 Plantation should be planted around tea gardens and in tea gardens where unsuitable tea is planted. Shelterbelts should be established at the upper end of tea gardens. The main roads, ditches are planted on both sides of the roadside trees, and grass is planted on the sides of the ladders. 3.6.2 Concentrated tea gardens in low-latitude and low-altitude tea regions can be planted with shading trees according to local conditions, and the shading rate is controlled at 20% to 30%. 3.6.3 For the tea gardens with severe deficiencies and severely broken lines and low density, the coverage of tea gardens shall be improved by replanting the missing plants and reasonably cutting, harvesting and raising them. 3.6.4 For tea gardens with excessive slopes and severe water and soil loss, tea should be returned to the forest or returned to the grass. 3.6.5 Attach importance to the protection of natural enemies, such as diseases, weeds and weeds, and their habitat in the production base, and increase biodiversity. 3.7 Set up a compost pit in every 2 hm2 to 3 hm2 tea garden. And promote the establishment of green fertilizer planting area. As far as possible, provide a source of organic fertilizer for tea gardens. 3.8 Formulate and implement targeted soil fertility plan, disease, insect, and weed control programs and ecological improvement plans. 3.9 Establish a complete archive of agricultural activities, including the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other cultivation and management measures in the production process. 4 Soil Management and Fertilization 4.1 Soil Management 4.1.1 Regular monitoring of soil fertility levels and heavy metal element content is generally required once every 2 years. According to the test results, targeted soil improvement measures are taken. 4.1.2 Use ground cover and other measures to improve the soil conservation and water storage capacity of tea gardens. Pruning foliage and unseed weeds are used as coverings, and foreign covering materials such as crop straws should not be contaminated by harmful or toxic substances. 4.1.3 Improve the soil structure by adopting reasonable farming and organic fertilizer. Local rainfall conditions should be considered during farming to prevent soil erosion. For deep, loose and fertile soils, where the canopy has a large degree of coverage and the pests and weeds are scarce, deforestation or no-tillage can be implemented. 4.1.4 Promote biological measures such as stocking and using beneficial microorganisms to improve soil physicochemical and biological properties, but microorganisms cannot be genetically engineered products. 4.1.5 For tea gardens with wider row spacing, young age, or transformation of Taiwan, priority should be given to legume green manure in order to cultivate soil and prevent soil erosion, but intercropping green manure or crops must be cultivated according to organic agricultural production methods. 4.1.6 Dolomite powder and other minerals are used in tea gardens where the soil pH value is less than 4.5, and sulfuric acid may be used to adjust the soil pH value to a suitable range of 4.5-6.0. 4.1.7 When the relative soil moisture content is less than 70%, the tea garden should be water-saving. Irrigation water meets the requirements of NY 5199. 4.2 Fertilization 4.2.1 Fertilizer type 4.2.1.1 Organic fertilizer refers to compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, cake manure and organic tea special fertilizer without pollution treatment. However, the contaminant content of organic fertilizers should meet the requirements of Table 1 and be certified by the organic certification body. 4.2.1.2 Mineral source fertilizers, trace element fertilizers and microbial fertilizers can only be used as supporting materials for fertilizing soil. Trace element fertilizers are used as foliar fertilizers when it is confirmed that there is a potential deficiency of tea plants. Microbial fertilizers should be non-genetically engineered and meet NY 227 requirements. 4.2.1.3 Substances permitted and restricted for use in soil fertility are shown in Appendix A. 4.2.1.4 It is forbidden to use chemical fertilizers and municipal waste, sludge and other substances containing toxic and hazardous substances. 4.2.2 Fertilization method 4.2.2.1 Generally, the basal fertilizer is applied to organic fertilizer of 1 000 kg to 2 000 kg per 667 m2 of organic fertilizer, or 200 kg to 400 kg of organic fertilizer. If necessary, a certain amount of mineral source fertilizer and microbiological fertilizer are used. In the autumn of that year, the ditch was deeply applied and the depth of fertilization was more than 20 cm. 4.2.2.2 Topdressing can be combined with the law of reproduction of tea trees several times, using organic liquid fertilizer after decomposing, pouring in the rhizosphere; or about 100 kg of organic fertilizer for every 667 m2 of production, 30 days to 40 days before tea extraction. Ditch applied, ditch depth of about 10 cm, after application cover soil. 4.2.2.3 The foliar fertilizer is used reasonably according to the growth of the tea tree, but the foliar fertilizer used must be registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and certified by the organic certification body. The foliar fertilizer was stopped 10 days before the tea was picked. Table 1 Permissible content of organic fertilizer pollutants in milligrams per kilogram Project concentration limit arsenic ≤ 30 mercury ≤ 5 cadmium ≤ 3 chrome ≤ 70 lead ≤ 60 copper ≤ 250 666 ≤ 0.2 DDT ≤ 0.25 Disease, pest, and weed damage Prevention and control 5.1 Following the principle of prevention and prevention, the entire tea plantation ecosystem is based on agricultural control, comprehensive use of physical and biological control measures to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the breeding of pests and diseases and beneficial to the proliferation of various natural enemies. Biodiversity maintains the balance of the tea plantation and reduces the losses caused by various pests and weeds. 5.2 Agricultural Prevention and Control 5.2.1 When replanting or replanting new tea plantations, select varieties that are resistant to the major pests in the area. 5.2.2 Tea was harvested in batches, and the pests and diseases that attacked the buds, such as green eyes, green tea leaf, tea orange borer, and tea white star disease, were collected and their population development was inhibited. 5.2.3 Cut off the upper pests in the tea bushes by pruning. 5.2.4 Combined with basal fertilizer at the end of autumn, deep plowing in the tea plantation will reduce the number of overwintering lepidopteran and elephant pests in the soil. 5.2.5 Clean up the deciduous and top soil of the tea tree to a deep burial line, prevent and treat leaf diseases and overwintering pests in the topsoil. 5.3 Physical control 5.3.1 Use manual killing to reduce the damage of tea caterpillars, tea silkworms, codling moths, leaf roller moths, and tea pests. 5.3.2 Use the traits of pests to perform light trapping, swatch trapping, sex trapping or sweet and sour trapping. 5.3.3 Use mechanical or artificial methods to control weeds. 5.4 Biological control 5.4.1 Protect and use natural enemies such as grasshoppers, ladybugs, and parasitic wasps in local tea gardens, as well as beneficial organisms such as spiders, predators, frogs, lizards, and birds, to reduce the damage of human factors to natural enemies. 5.4.2 The use of biogenic pesticides, such as microbial pesticides, plant-derived pesticides and animal-derived pesticides, is allowed to be used conditionally. 5.5 Guidelines for the use of pesticides 5.5.1 It is prohibited to use and mix chemical synthetic pesticides, fungicides, acaricides, herbicides and plant growth regulators. 5.5.2 Plant-derived pesticides should be used when a large number of pests and diseases occur. Mineral-derived pesticides should be strictly controlled during non-tea picking seasons. 5.6 When introduced from abroad or in other places, plant quarantine must be carried out. No dangerous pests and diseases that have not yet occurred in the area may be brought along with seeds or seedlings. 5.7 The main pests and diseases of organic tea gardens and their prevention and control methods are shown in Appendix B. 5.8 See Appendix C for substances and methods that allow or limit the use of pests and diseases in organic tea gardens. 6 Tea tree pruning and picking 6.1 Tea tree pruning 6.1.1 According to the age, growth and purpose of pruning, the tea tree can be cultivated with optimized crown, light pruning, deep pruning, heavy pruning, and pedicel. 6.1.2 Tea gardens with large coverage are trimmed every year to maintain a gap of about 20 cm between tea rows to facilitate field operations, ventilation and light transmission, and reduce occurrence of pests and diseases. 6.1.3 Pruning leaves should be left in the tea plantation to facilitate soil fertility. Debris branches and rough stems were cleared out of the park, and pests and branches were destroyed by natural enemies such as parasitoids. 6.2 Picking 6.2.1 According to the growth characteristics of tea plants and the requirements of finished tea on raw materials for processing, follow the principle of combination of taking and leaving, balance between quantity and quality, and the principle of adapting to the conditions of trees, and timely picking according to the standard. 6.2.2 Hand picking tea should adopt hand-picking to keep the shoots complete, fresh, evenly net, without Scales, tea fruits and old branches and leaves. 6.2.3 The tea plantation with neat germination, strong growth potential and smooth picking surface promotes mechanical extraction. Tea makers should use unleaded gasoline to prevent petrol and oil from contaminating tea, tea and soil. 6.2.4 Use clean, well-ventilated bamboo mesh tea baskets or baskets to hold fresh leaves. The collected tea should arrive at the tea factory in time to prevent the deterioration of fresh leaves and the mixing of toxic and harmful substances. 6.2.5 Picked fresh leaves should have a reasonable label, indicate the variety, origin, picking time and operation methods. 7 Conversion 7.1 Conventional tea gardens need to be transformed into organic tea gardens. Producers must fully manage and operate in accordance with the requirements of this production technical specification during the conversion. 7.2 The tea garden conversion period is generally 3 years. However, if certain tea plantations or absurd tea gardens that have been managed or planted according to the production technical regulations can provide real written certification materials and production technology files, the conversion period can be shortened or even eliminated. 7.3 Once a certified organic tea plantation is changed to a conventional production method, it will need to be converted to regain organic certification. 8 Test Method 8.1 Determination of Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Copper in commodity organic fertilizers is performed in accordance with NY 227. 9 Identification of Organic Tea Gardens 9.1 The ecological environment of tea gardens meets the requirements for environmental conditions of organic tea production areas. 9.2 Tea garden management meets the requirements of the technical regulations for organic tea production. 9.3 Determined by the certification body according to standards and procedures.
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Organic Tea Plantations Permissible and Restricted Soil Fertility and Modified Substances Table A.1 Type Nomenclature Conditions Organic Agriculture Systems Substances Produced Farmhouse Fertilizers Allowed to use tea tree pruning Leaves allowed to use green manure Allowed to use substances produced by non-organic agricultural systems Tea tree pruning leaves, Green manure and crop stalks restrict the use of farmyard manure (including compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, livestock manure, etc.) Restricted use of cake fat (including rapeseed cake, bean seed cake, cottonseed cake, sesame cake, peanut cake, etc.) Method of processing allows the use of fully decomposed human excreta that can only be applied to the roots of tea plants and cannot be used as foliar fertilizer. Wood, bark, sawdust, wood shavings, wood ash, charcoal, etc. that are not chemically treated And its products produced by physical methods restrict the use of un-preserved animal blood, meat, bones and coats to limit the use of foods without synthetic additives by-products of the industry. Restricted use of fishmeal and bone meal. Restriction of the use of peat and brown carbon without synthetic additives. Weathered coal and other substances containing humic acids allow the use of organic tea certified organic certified organic fertilizers The use of minerals dolomite powder, limestone and chalk for the limited use of alkaline slag for severe acidification is permitted only for severely acidified soils. Foliar use Natural sulphur powder Allowable use Magnesium ore powder Allowable use of calcium chloride, gypsum Allowed use of kiln dust Restricted use, can only be used for severely acidified soils Phosphate rock powder Cd content not more than 90 mg/kg Permissible use of Epsom salts Type (hydrous sulphate rock) Permissible use of boric acid rock Allows the use of other substances Non-genetically engineered microbial fertilizers (Azobacter, Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria and Silicate Bacterial Fertilizers, etc.) Allows the use of leaf registered and certified by the Ministry of Agriculture Fertilizers allow the use of uncontaminated botanical products and their extracts to allow the use of Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
The main pests and diseases of organic tea gardens and their control methods Table B.1 Names of pests and diseases Prevention and control measures Prevention and treatment of artificial eye Small green leafhoppers May to June, August to September The nymphs prosperous period, Blister insects mouth: Summer tea 5 to 6 heads, autumn tea> 10 when the application of drug prevention and control 1. Batches of tea-picking multiple times, when serious can be harvested or light pruning; 2. Humidity of the weather, spraying Beauveria bassiana preparations; 3. Late autumn lime sulfur seal agent; 4 Sprayable plant-derived pesticides: Rotenone and Qingyuanbao tea caterpillars are not the same at all times, and the control period is different. Usually in the middle of May to June, August to September. Application of larvae before 3rd instar 1. Manual removal of overwintered egg mass or manual removal of clustered larvae; Combination of clear gardens, cultivator eradication; Light trapping of adult larvae; 2. Application of tea caterpillar virus preparations during larval stage; 3. Spraying of Bt preparation Or spraying plant-derived pesticides: rotenone and Qingyuanbao tea are more than algebraic and occur on the 3rd, 4th and 5th generations (late June-August), and the number of larvae per square meter >7 should be controlled. 1. Organize artificial digging, or combine deep-seated worms for winter ploughing with basal fertilizers; 2. Light trapping and killing of adult worms; 3. Spraying tea locust virus preparations during 1~2 instar larval stage; 4. Spraying Bt preparations; or spraying plants Source pesticides: rotenone, Qingyuanbao Tea, orange pods in the middle and late of May, and in the months from August to September when spotted pieces of individual branches are found to be infested, they should be applied. 1. Diligent spring tea; 2. Severe occurrence Tea garden, can be sprayed mineral source pesticides: lime sulfur, mineral oil tea Lizard weevil 5 ~ late June, the adult hairy period 1. Combined with tea garden cultivator and winter ploughing base fertilizer, eliminating pests; 2. Use of adult false animation Artificial shaking to kill; 3. larvae period soil application of Beauveria bassiana preparation or adult spraying Beauveria bassiana blackthorn whitefly Jiangnan Tea area in late May, early July, late September to early October 1. Timely sparse gardening, weeding, and weeding to make the tea gardens airy and clear; 2. Spray white fungus fungal preparations in humid climates; 3. Spraying lime sulfur mixture to seal the tea cake disease in spring and autumn, with 3 days of 5 days in the morning, <3 hours of sunshine in the morning, or rainfall of 2.5 mm to 5 mm. The incidence of bud tip>35%. 1. Autumn combined with deep plowing, Rinse dead leaves in deep soil; 2. Spray polyoxin; 3. Spray Bordeaux mixture Appendix C (Normative)
Substances and methods for allowing and restricting the use of organic tea plant pests and diseases Table C.1 Type Names Conditions of use Bio-source pesticides Microbial pesticides Polyoxine (polyoxorubicin) Limited use Liuyangmycin Limited use Huaguangmycin Limited use Chunlei Limited use of Beauveria bassiana Limited use Metarhizium limited Use Bacillus thuringiensis Limited use Nuclear polyhedrosis Virus Limited use Granular virus Limited use Animal sources Pesticide pheromone Limited use Lizacycin Limited use Parasitic natural enemies such as red Eye bees and entomopathogenic nematodes use predatory natural enemies in limited quantities, such as ladybugs, predatory mites, and natural enemies. Spiders Limited use Plant-derived pesticides Matrines Limited use of rotenone Limited use Pyrethrins Limited use Azadirachtin Limited use Tartary borers Limited use Limited use of vegetable oil Limited use of tobacco leaf water Only for non-tea picking seasons Mineral sources Pesticides Lime sulfur Spent non-production season Sulfur suspension non-production seasons Use of wettable sulfur Non-production seasons Use of copper sulfate Non-production season Use of lime Half-grade Bordeaux fluid Non-production Seasonal use of petroleum emulsifiable oil for non-production seasons Quality and Method Carbon Dioxide Allowed Gelatin Allowed Use of Gelatin Allowed Use of Sweet and Sour Vines Allowed Use of Lecithin Allowed Use of Formic Acid Allowed Use of Soaps Allowed Use of Thermal Methods Disinfection Allowed Use of Mechanical Traps Allowed Use of Light Traps Allowed Use of Swatches Trapping Allowed Use of Bleach Restricted Use of Quicklime Restricted Use of Silicon Algae Soil Restrictions Use Appendix D (Normative Appendix) Evaluation of Other Substances Used in Organic Tea Production Other substances and methods used in organic tea gardens not listed in Appendix A and Appendix C are evaluated according to this Appendix. D.1 Principles for the use of soil fertility and soil amendments D.1.1 The substance is necessary to maintain soil fertility or to meet special nutritional requirements. D.1.2 The ingredients of this substance come from plants, animals, microorganisms or minerals and should be subjected to physical (mechanical, thermal) or enzymatic treatment or microbial (composting, digestion) treatment. D.1.3 The use of this substance should not result in pollution of the environment and its effects on soil organisms. D.1.4 The use of this substance should not have a major impact on the quality and safety of the final product. D.2 Principles for the use of plant pests and weed control substances D.2.1 The substance is necessary for the control of pests or special diseases, and there are no alternative methods and techniques other than this substance. D.2.2 The substance (active compound) is derived from plants, animals, microorganisms or minerals and is preferably subjected to physical treatment, enzyme treatment or microbial treatment. D.2.3 The use of this substance does not cause environmental pollution. D.2.4 If the natural amount of a substance is insufficient, consider using chemical synthetic substances that are of the same nature as the natural substance, such as chemically synthesized pheromones (sex attractants), provided that the environment or product is not directly or indirectly used. Pollution. D.3 Assessment D.3.1 Assessment Significance Regular evaluation of externally-added substances can make organic production more and more beneficial to humans, animals, and the environment and ecosystems. D.3.2 Guidelines for Assessing Input Substances Input substances should be comprehensively evaluated in terms of crop yield, quality, environmental safety, ecological protection, landscape, human and animal living conditions. Limit inputs to special crops (especially perennial crops), specific areas, and specific conditions. D.3.3 Sources of inputs and methods of production D.3.3.1 Inputs should generally originate from (in order of preference) organic matter (plants, animals, microorganisms), minerals, chemical synthetic substances equivalent to natural products. Recyclable input materials should be given priority, mineral source materials should be selected, and input materials with chemical properties equivalent to natural products should be selected. The use of chemically equivalent input substances is considered to be ecologically, technically or economically justified. D.3.3.2 Ingredients for input substances may be subjected to mechanical treatment, physical treatment, enzymatic treatment, microbiological treatment, chemical treatment (with exceptions and limitations). D.3.3.3 When collecting raw materials for input substances, it shall not affect the stability of the natural environment or affect the survival of any species in the collection area. D.3.4 Environmental impact D.3.4.1 Input substances shall not harm the environment, such as pollution to surface water, groundwater, air and soil. The environmental impact of these substances during processing, use and decomposition must be evaluated. D.3.4.2 The input material is degradable to carbon dioxide, water and its mineral form. There is no time limit for the degradation of non-toxic natural substances. D.3.4.3 The half-life of input substances with high acute toxicity to non-target organisms shall not exceed 5 days at most, and the use of such substances shall be restricted, if the maximum allowable dose is specified. If no measures can be taken to ensure the survival of non-target organisms, the input material must not be used. D.3.4.4 Do not use input substances accumulated in biological or biological systems, or use input substances that are known to have or are suspected of being mutagenic or carcinogenic. D.3.4.5 Input substances should not contain harmful chemical synthetic substances (xenobiotics). Chemically-synthesized products may only be allowed if the properties are completely the same as those of nature. D.3.4.6 The heavy metal content of the input minerals should be as low as possible. The use of any form of copper must be considered temporary and must be restricted. D.3.5 Human health and product quality D.3.5.1 Input substances must have no effect on human health. It must be considered whether the input material is hazardous during processing, use and degradation. Some measures should be taken to reduce the risk of use of input materials and to establish standards for the use of input materials in organic tea. D.3.5.2 Input substances should have no adverse effects on product quality such as taste, shelf life and appearance quality. D.3.5.3 Ethics and Confidence D.3.5.3.1 Input substances shall have no adverse effect on the natural behaviour or body function of the rearing animals. D.3.5.3.2 The use of input substances should not cause consumers to conflict or resent organic tea products. The problem of input substances should not interfere with people’s overall perception or perception of natural or organic products.
Organic tea production technical regulations
Organic tea production technical regulations NY/T 5197-2002 Foreword The standard Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D are normative appendices. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's This standard was drafted by the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Tea Quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. Drafters of this standard: Han Wenyan, Xiao Qiang, Tang Meijun, Ma Lifeng, Shi Yuan, Jian Jianyun, Jin Shouzhen, Fu Shangwen, and Lu Zhenhui.