According to a recent medical report published by Nature, the team of scientists at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom has established a long-term stable human placenta "organs." These “organ-like” models represent a major innovation in human placental development research.

Many pregnancy diseases, such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, etc., all have placental dysplasia in early pregnancy. However, awareness of the human placenta has been limited due to the lack of functional models for conducting experiments. One solution strategy is to develop a small, simplified model of the organ, the "organoid", by in vitro culture in the laboratory.

"Organs" are actually three-dimensional cell cultures that contain some of the most critical properties that represent organs. Such in vitro culture systems include a self-renewing stem cell population that can differentiate into multiple specific organ cell types, have a similar spatial organization to the corresponding organ, and can reproduce part of the function of the corresponding organ, thereby providing scientists with a highly physiological Related systems.

Cambridge University researcher Ashley Murphy and colleagues describe how to build long-term, genetically stable "organoids" from specific trophoblast cells obtained from human placenta (6 weeks to 9 weeks of gestation) in early pregnancy. "Cultures. The culture grows rapidly and develops into a three-dimensional "organ-like" structure after 10 days - 14 days. After one year, three randomly selected cultures were still developing healthily.

The researchers said that the "organs" are very similar to the placenta of normal gestational age, with typical placental functional features, such as differentiation into specific types of trophoblast cells, development into a villus (finger) structure, secreting placental-specific hormones. Including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone, hCG is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. These "pregnancy" hormone secretions can be detected by an over-the-counter pregnancy test. These "organs" can be used to study physiological, metabolic and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.

Humans have long been known for tissue and cell culture, but the emergence of "organs" is a real advancement in cell culture technology. It is not only a small, simple organ, but also the micro-anatomy of the organ in vitro. More importantly, under precise control, the “organ-like” development process of this culture is very similar to the natural fetal organ development process. Therefore, the placental "organs" can provide a fairly reliable research model for diseases that occur during embryonic development. It is not only the future of regenerative medicine, but also a weapon for humans to fight disease.

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