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How to improve the utilization of vegetable fertilizers in greenhouses
Greenhouse vegetable production is a high-input and high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production. The common misunderstandings in the current fertilizer application 1, organic fertilizer drying human feces and chicken manure is the main basal fertilizer for greenhouse production of vegetables, but for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers frequently dry human feces and chicken manure in the fields to dry and dehydrate. This practice will cause fly maggots to reproduce, nitrogen will volatilize, and fertilizer will lose nitrogen nutrients. 2. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus as Basic Fertilizers on Alkaline Soil Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water and can only be converted into water-soluble phosphates by the roots of crops under weak acid conditions. However, they can be applied on alkaline soils. The urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings causes physiological phosphorus deficiency. 3, superphosphate surface application as topdressing phosphorus mobility in the soil is small, generally 0.5 centimeters at the site, the range of 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to reach the rhizosphere of crops and therefore does not provide the effect of phosphorus in supplementary crops. 4. Immediately after urea application, watered urea is an amido ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, which is easily dissolved in water and applied to the soil. After it is decomposed, it can be converted into ammonium bicarbonate. It is absorbed and used by crops and watered immediately after being applied, making it easy to make urea with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency. 5, ammonium bicarbonate with water This method often results in more water in the inlet, the crop growth is difficult, difficult to manage, and the afternoon greenhouse temperature, ammonia gas escaped from the soil, smoked the lower crop leaves, causing fertilizer harm. The main methods for improving fertilizer efficiency are as follows: 1. Composting of organic fertilizers as base fertilizer In late July, 4000 kg of human feces were added at the sunny place, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was added, and 400 kg of crushed wheat oranges were minced. Covered with shabby plastic film or soiled with grass mud for 30 days, a high-quality organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for greenhouses. 2, superphosphate concentrated as a base fertilizer in the transplanting line open 8 cm deep trenches, after throwing phosphorus fertilizer cover soil 4-5 cm, and then transplant the crop in shallow trenches, shorten the phosphorus fertilizer and crop root distance to make up for phosphorus movement Sexual weaknesses. 3, early application of urea deep application and root application according to the crop development stage of fertilizer and water demand, in advance chase, deep application, than the shallow application of increased utilization rate of 28%. Shed temperature is 7 days in advance at 15-20°C, shelf temperature is 5 days in advance at 20-25°C, and 8-10 cm ditch is opened when applying fertilizer, and soil is covered tightly after spreading. Deep-seated planting can be applied to crops with large row spacing. . According to greenhouse temperature watering every 5-7 days to allow enough time in the soil to fully ammoniation, in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops, the crop can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution, once every 7 days. 100 kg of solution per acre, 2-3 consecutive times. 4. Ammonium bicarbonate with deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is an ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter greenhouse vegetable production. Because it is rarely volatilized at a ground temperature of 20°C, it can dissociate into ammonium ions and be absorbed by the soil after it is applied to soil, and then slowly release it for supply. Root absorption of crops, even at soil temperatures of 5°C, can also be converted and absorbed by crops. When composting, it is 10 to 10 cm deep from the roots of the crop, and the soil is covered tightly after spreading. It can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, and increase production by 10% over shallow application, and increase production by 7.8% over water application.