1. Nematode identification method

Since the nematode is harmed, the victim plants often have pathological changes and the symptoms caused are similar to those of plant diseases and are often misdiagnosed. For example, rose nematodes are often mistaken for rose root cancer. Chrysanthemum nematodes are often thought to be chrysanthemum leaf spot. Narcissus nematodes are often thought to be narcissus rot disease. For this reason, accurate identification of nematodes is an important part of the control of nematodes.

(1) Take the hazard site for slicing and mirror examination. This is the basic method for accurately identifying nematodes.

(2) Take a pot of clear water and repeatedly wash the diseased site or root in the water. After the water in the basin is calm, observe carefully to see if the wireworms float on the water to identify nematodes.

(3) The external features were observed and confirmed. A look at the type of flower is easy to infect nematodes; second look at the overall growth of the plant, whether the wireworm infections, flowers and trees infected with nematodes after the performance of poor growth, dwarfism, deformity, discoloration rot, especially when the environmental conditions are poor, easy to lose The ornamental value is even dead; the focus of the three analyses is to determine whether the formation of root nodules is caused by nematodes or caused by bacteria, fungi, and other causes of rotting death.

2. Understand the survival environment of nematodes

Phytophthora infestans spends most of its life in the soil. The suitable temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, and the suitable soil moisture content is 40%-45%. Loose, well-ventilated and well-drained wet soils are the most suitable for nematodes to live. Therefore, the thin sandy soil nematodes are severe, the loam is second, and the soil organic matter content of clay nematodes is relatively light. Low soil salinity is easy for nematodes to survive.

The nematode eggs, larvae, and adults directly in the soil or with the diseased plant residues in the soil in winter, generally can survive 1-3 years. Adults of overwintering larvae directly infect host tissues. When the next year's conditions are suitable, the instar larvae hatch, and the second instar larvae usually infect the host tissues. The transmission route can be divided into active communication and passive communication. Active transmission refers to the active movement of nematodes in the presence of water or water membranes. Passive transmission refers to the spread of rainwater, irrigation water, spread of pests, seedlings, seeds, soil, and a few insects.

3. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Act

Garden plant nematode disease should follow the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control” and coordinate and comprehensively achieve the goal of disease control.

(1) Strengthen quarantine and cut off the artificial way of passive transmission of diseases.

Needless to say, plant quarantine is currently the weak link in the migration of nursery nematode disease. All along, due to the weak phytosanitary awareness of all people, the quarantine work on the entry and exit of plants has been relaxed, making it easy for quarantine subjects such as nematodes to spread, and these diseases have been aggravated year by year. Therefore, here we must call on people in the industry to consciously strengthen the quarantine work of nursery stocks and cultivate robust seeds for wireless pests to reduce the epidemic of nematode diseases.

(2) Using plant cultivation to control nematode disease.

1 Rotation is an effective measure to control nematode disease.

The control of root-knot nematodes can rotate crops such as pepper, scallion, garlic, leeks, as well as crops such as grass, lawn, wheat, barley, and corn. The control of peanut root knot nematodes can be carried out in sweet potato and cotton rotation, and the rotation is generally 2-3 years. The implementation of dry and dry rotations, such as rice, aquatic flowers and other crop rotations for a year, has a good control effect.

2 Planting insecticidal plants and antagonizing plants are good ways to eliminate large numbers of nematodes.

Before planting flowers and trees, plant fast-growing fast-growing plants, such as spinach, pakchoi, small greens, etc., for 1-2 months. After nematode infestation, rootworms are not removed until after spawning, and nematodes can be eliminated in large numbers.

Planting nematode non-reproductive host plants or antagonistic plants such as ramie, cypress, bog bean, etc., due to plant root secretions and toxins, will make the nematode unable to develop into adult worms or can not survive.

Planting marigold, peacock grass, mustard, sesame, and ramie can kill nematodes in soil and reduce the number of native nematodes. Because marigold can produce a 2-3 - thiamine, it is a strong nematode material, especially for root knot nematodes.

(3) Strengthening cultivation measures is very effective in controlling nematode damage.

1 Treating sick or removing weeds in time will reduce the number of nematodes and thus reduce the incidence.

2 Through irrigation, nematodiasis can be better controlled. Flooding of soil in summer for 1-3 weeks, or flooding for 3-5 weeks in winter can be a good defense against nematode disease.

3 The application of organic fertilizers or soil amendments can not only promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, control the number of nematodes, but also ensure that the seedlings are robust and increase the resistance to disease. It is also possible to apply inorganic fertilizers such as liquid nitrogen or ammonium bicarbonate.

(4) Use natural enemies to control nematode disease.

The main natural enemies of soil nematodes are fungi, followed by bacteria, predator nematodes, insects, and mites. The fungus has two types of predation and parasitism, and has a greater effect on controlling the number of nematodes. All nymphs and adults of Collembola insects can prey on nematode worms and nematode eggs.

(5) Incubation of wireless insects and healthy seedlings through the treatment of propagation material.

1 Seedlings and propagation materials such as bulbs, soaked in hot water at 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius, can kill a large number of nematodes. For example, bulbs of cyclamen can be killed by soaking in 45 degrees hot water for 30 minutes to kill their root-knot nematodes. Bulb soaked in hot water at 44 degrees for 60 minutes can kill its leaf bud nematode, chrysanthemum shoots soaked in 55 degrees hot water for 5 minutes to kill leaf bud nematode and so on.

2 The use of pesticides to treat seedlings can effectively control root-knot nematodes. For example, 40% of the grams of phosphorus phosphorus 100 times mud coating; 50% of phoxim 50 times soak flower bulbs, bulbs; 40% of formalin 200 times soak bulbs for more than 3 hours and use 40% methyl isophos 1000-2000 times soaking seeds for 2-4 hours can control all kinds of nematodes.

(6) Treatment of nursery stock soil and substrate is the basic method for controlling nematodes.

1 physical method

a. soil and substrate in sunny summer, plowing and drying for a week, can kill a large number of nematodes, but also can control other soil pests and diseases.

b. Increased application of lime nitrogen (CaCN2) can effectively control nematode disease. The specific approach uses straw or straw 600 kg per acre to cut into 4-6 cm small sections, add 100 kg of lime nitrogen per acre, doubly plow till 20 cm in the soil, fill in the water, cover the film for 20 days, can be effective Kill nematodes.

2Using chemicals to control nematodes

Most of the nematodes are used as soil treatment agents, and a small amount are used for seedling treatment or spraying of stems and leaves during the growing season.

Commonly used soil treatment agents are: dibromochloropropane, chloropicrin, carbofuran, dichloronitrobenzene, and the like. The commonly used nematicides include: NemaCut, Temik, Aniline, Ethoprophos, Line Grams, and Cottonlon. Nematodes sprayed with stems and leaves are commonly used: phoxim, Budweiser, aphids, killing pine and so on.

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