Loofah is a cucurbitaceae annual climbing vine. It is a common fruit and vegetable in daily life. Because it is nutritious and has certain medicinal value, it is suitable for most people to eat. In order to improve the economic benefits of loofah cultivation, achieving high-yield cultivation of loofah is the key. The high-yield cultivation technology of loofah is introduced as follows:

How to achieve high yield in loofah cultivation?

1. Sowing period: Loofah can be sown and cultivated annually, but it is most suitable for sowing from December to August. When planting later in September after each place, although the earlier the more female flowers occur, the later the period of growth gradually enters the low temperature period, the growth is weaker, the fungal disease is stronger, and it is easy to age.

Second, sowing seedlings: the seed shell of the loofah seeds is hard, especially the angular loofah, so it is appropriate to germinate and sow, that is, the seeds are taken out after soaking for 2 hours, and then the umbilical mounds of the seeds are rolled open and placed in the dark at 25-300C to germinate When the young buds penetrate the seed shell, sow to the plug tray with the medium. The seeds should be laid flat with the bud tip down. The planting depth is about 1.5 cm. When the three leaves of this leaf are exhibited, they will be planted in the field. During the seedling raising period, the high temperature period is about 11-14 days, and the low temperature period is about 15-18 days. When raising seedlings for short-day sunshine varieties during long-term sunshine periods, it is best to perform shading and short-day treatment after the cotyledons are unfolded to promote the occurrence of female flowers.

3. Cultivation methods: Loofah usually has 3 economic cultivation methods:

1. Horizontal scaffold cultivation: The shed surface is about 1.5 meters away from the surface, and the width of the border is 5-6 meters. It is made of high border, one row is planted in two rows, and the loofah is planted beside the border ditch. The plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters. This method can also be used for grape cultivation. During the initial planting of loofah, other short-term crops can be intercropped on the border. If the horizontal scaffolding is affected by a hurricane, it is easy to be blown down by the wind because of the large wind surface. Therefore, the principle of autumn and winter is adopted. For example, spring and summer cropping is not suitable for dense planting. To reduce wind resistance.

2. Tunnel-type semi-circular scaffold cultivation: the borderline is 4-5 meters in length, and the principle of the borderline walking north and south is that each borderline sets up a semicircular scaffold on the borderline. The highest point of the scaffold is about 1.8 meters above the ground. The luffa can grow three-dimensionally, the shed area in the unit area is larger than that of the horizontal shed, and the ventilation and light transmission are good, which is conducive to the development of luffa. It is planted in two rows in one border and planted on both sides of border grooves. The plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters. The semi-circular scaffold is relatively wind-resistant. It is suitable for spring and summer in addition to autumn and winter.

3. Cultivation on the ground: the width of the border is 5-6 meters, two rows of one border are planted on both sides of the border ditch, and the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters. This method is suitable for the cultivation of short fruit varieties of ordinary loofah. And the fruiting period should be in the dry season, such as in the rainy season, when the fruit and the ground are easy to rot, it is better to use melon padding. If the long varieties and angular loofah are cultivated on the ground, the fruit is easy to bend and lacks commercial value. When prostrate cultivation, the fruit is easily covered by the leaves, and it is more troublesome to harvest.

How to achieve high yield in loofah cultivation? High-yield planting technology of loofah

Figure: Loofah cultivation

4. Fertilizer and fertilization: The types and dosages of fertilizer and the method of fertilization of loofah can in principle refer to bitter gourd or cyprinus, that is, loofah has strong fertility, long growth period, growth and results at the same time, and the results are strong After the result, it is advisable to continue fertilizing to maintain the continuous growth of the stems and leaves in order to continue to produce results and increase the yield. Especially after continuous rainfall, some nutrients in the soil have been lost with rain, so it is appropriate to apply fertilizer after rain.

The basic fertilizer is applied in the basic fertilizer ditch. The fertilizer is applied in strips. The compost is applied first, and then the chemical fertilizer is mixed and applied on the compost. Then it is made up and covered with silver-black plastic cloth. The top dressing should be applied every 3 weeks. The furrow should be irrigated before top dressing. After the water penetrates into the furrow, the top dressing should be applied to both sides of the furrow and the bottom of the furrow.

During the growth period, magnesium deficiency occurs (Angular loofah is more prone to magnesium deficiency). Magnesium sulfate can be added to pesticides for foliar spray, once a week, 2-3 times in a row, the concentration is 0.4% (water 250 times ). When the growth of the loofah plants turned to stagnation and stagnation in the middle and late stages of the results, foliar spraying with urea was carried out at a temperature of 0.4%. It could also be sprayed with pesticides once a week.

5. Site preparation, bordering and planting: for high borders, when the soil is semi-wet, plow the open and shallow base fertilizer ditch on the plant rows according to the row spacing. After applying the base fertilizer, first make small borders, and then apply on the borders of the small borders Covering the silver-black plastic cloth, if operated by a machine, Xiaozuoqi and covering the plastic cloth can be completed at one time, so that both sides of the plastic cloth are buried in both sides of the Xiaozuoqi, so as not to be blown away by the wind. Later, as the loofah grows, the soil is cultivated again, and the broad-height border is completed. Before the loofah cultivation, the plastic cloth was planted with planting holes according to the plant spacing, and one plant was planted in each hole, and then watered after planting. It should be more sparsely planted in the high temperature period and densely planted in the low temperature period.

6. Irrigation and Drainage: Loofah stems have large leaves and large amounts of water evaporation, so attention should be paid to irrigation, often kept in a moist state, and irrigation is made by furrow irrigation. When raining, pay attention to drainage, not to make the roots immersed in water, especially the corners, especially the angled loofah is not durable and wet, and the roots are easy to rot.

7. Whole vines: Loofah has strong branching, such as when the stems and leaves are too lush, it is not only easy to grow long, and it is not easy to bear fruit. In the hurricane season, the scaffold is more likely to be blown down by the wind. Vine pruning, all side vines should be cut off early. When creeping, cultivate the main vines and furrow at right angles. When the scaffold is cultivated, if the stem vine hangs under the shed, it should be led to the scaffold so that the vines are evenly distributed on the scaffold.

8. Covering of border surface: Loofah likes high temperature, long growth period and wide line spacing, so it is very economical and effective to apply silver black plastic cloth on the planting line (on the small border) If covered with straw, its effect is not as good as silver-black plastic cloth. When the short fruit variety is cultivated on the ground, grass should be applied to the entire border to prevent the fruit from contacting the ground and rotting.

How to achieve high yield in loofah cultivation? High-yield planting technology of loofah

Nine, fruit bagging and fruit picking: To prevent the melon flies from spawning, loofahs are usually bagged, and bagged immediately after the flowering stage, the bagging also prevents the leaves from scratching the peel and turning the peel. The effect of changing to light color can prevent pesticide pollution. Loofah can be used in old newspaper bags or thicker paper bags. After the female flowers are withered and the fruit is in the process of development, all abnormal fruits, cracked fruits, and diseases and insect pests should be removed as soon as possible to avoid wasting nutrients and reduce the growth of the plant.

10. Harvesting: It is better to eat soft gourds with soft and delicate flesh, so it is better to harvest them before the fruit has grown up enough, the peel has not yet hardened, the fiber has not been developed, and the flesh has not been coarse and old. The size of the harvest, do not harvest too late, affecting the quality. But premature harvesting in this way not only reduces the yield, but also easily withers after harvesting, and is not durable for storage and transportation. Generally, the ordinary loofah blooms during the low temperature period, and the appropriate harvest period is about 10 days after flowering. The blooming period during the high temperature period can be harvested 8-9 days after flowering. The angular loofah is prone to aging after flowering, and the harvesting period is about 1-2 days earlier than ordinary loofah.

The growth of loofah fruit is about twice that of the daytime at night, so the principle is before the fruit temperature rises in the morning before harvest time. Harvesting is done with a knife and scissors. The fruit stalks are about 2 cm long. The incisions should be flat. The bags should be harvested together, placed in a carrying case basket, and transported to the packaging site for packaging. First remove the bag, wrap each fruit with wrapping paper to avoid scratches and reduce moisture evaporation, and then load bamboo baskets or bamboo baskets and sell them to the market. Keep fruit powder as much as possible during harvesting and packaging to show freshness.

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