Due to long-term drought, many parts of the country have poor root development in garlic years ago, and garlic has a weaker anti-freezing ability. All kinds of diseases are worse than in previous years. The author recently visited Shandong Cangshan, Jinxiang, Shanghe and other garlic towns and concluded that current garlic production should focus on the following four main diseases:

I. Garlic Virus Disease In the past, garlic disease was neglected by many garlic farmers. Due to the influence of dry weather during the previous period this year, the occurrence of garlic virus disease in local areas was heavier than in previous years. At the early stage of disease, discontinuous yellow strips appear along the veins and become yellow-green stripes. The plants are dwarfed, and the heart is surrounded by neighboring leaves. The curls are deformed and cannot be extended. Sometimes there are yellowish-white and greenish streaks on the leaves, sometimes the entire yellowing and dwarfing occurs, the stems suffer, and the internodes shorten. Prevention measures: (1) When the garlic is harvested, remove the diseased body in time and focus on burning or deep burying; (2) Rational fertilization and rotation. It is recommended to use no-tillage fertilizer for base fertilizer, or to use no-tillage fertilization when garlic is used for fertilizing. By using no-tillage or no-tillage fertilization, soil compaction can be broken, soil can be loosened, and the growth of garlic roots can be favored to make garlic seedlings. Full seedlings, to improve the ability of anti-virus; (3) Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, 20% of virus nemesis can be sprayed 400 times and 4000 times of liquid Shuofeng 481; 1.5% of plant disease and elixir 1000 times of liquid can be used plus 3000 times. Liquid Shuofeng 481 and 800 times high-energy red potassium, 6 to 7 days once, and even spray 3 to 4 times.

Second, the garlic disease epidemic is the main disease of garlic. For land plots, the land with heavy clay, poor drainage, easy water accumulation, and excessive planting density, combined with heavy rain and heavy weather. Garlic epidemics occur almost every year in every place. Once sick, it can reduce production by 30% to 40%. Epidemics are generally more severe in summer rainy years. The disease not only affects the leaves, but it can also affect the roots, stems and garlic sprouts, especially the pseudostems and bulbs. In the early onset of the disease, the disease develops at the tip of the leaf or in the middle of the leaf. At the beginning, it is a dark green, water-soaked lesion. When it extends to about half of the leaf, the whole leaf turns yellow, sagging, and soft rot. When the air is wet, the disease minister sparse white mold. Prevention measures: (1) When basal fertilizer is used, organic fertilizer is added appropriately, organic fertilizer is used in combination, and 80 kg of compound fertilizer is not used per acre; when garlic is returned to green, the seedling stage is raised, and irrigation is combined with water per acre. Fertilize 25-30 kilograms to make the soil loose and breathable and reduce the area of ​​water; (2) Chemical control: Use 500 times liquid of Bangjiawei and 4000 times of liquid Shuofeng 481; or use 72.2% of Fermilofol hydrochloride 800 times of water Liquid plus 4000 times liquid Shuofeng 481, 7 days spray once, even spray 2 times.

Third, garlic rust mainly damages leaves and pseudostems. At the beginning of the disease, an oblong chlorotic plaque appeared. After the epidermis emerged, a round or slightly elliptically shaped uredia spores appeared. After the epidermis ruptured, orange-yellow powders were scattered, namely the summer spores; yellow halo around the lesions. When the disease is severe, the diseased spot caused by the whole leaf yellow withered, the plant withered prematurely, and in the late period, the unruptured uredia spores heaped a black rotundus spore pile without breaking the epidermis. Prevention measures: (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Such as the use of purple garlic, to avoid mixed onions and garlic; (2) pay attention to clean the garden to reduce the original source of infection; (3) timely late sowing, to prevent late defermentation, to avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the number of watering, eliminate large Water flood irrigation; (4) Chemical control: Select Bangjiawei 400 to 600 times the liquid 4000 times the liquid Shuofong 481; can also use Puxing (25% triazole copper wettable powder) 1000 to 1500 times and 4000 times the liquid Shuofeng 481, the foliar spray, once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 2 times.

4. Garlic leaf blight Garlic leaf blight is one of the main diseases of garlic, which occurs in all garlic producing areas. If the control is not timely, it can cause a 50% to 80% reduction in production. The main damage leaves or pedicels. The leaves were infected, and the flowers were white dots at the beginning, and then they expanded to have a strip-shaped to oval-shaped gray or gray-brown lesions, which produced black moldy material. When the disease became severe, the diseased leaves died. Prevention methods: (1) Choose a flat land with a thick soil layer and grow garlic in a soft soil layer. It is recommended that base fertilizer be 80 kg of no-tillage fertilizer or 1 to 2 kg of deep tillage and 100 kg of common compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. In the returning green period of garlic, no-tillage fertilization and fertilization with 30 kg of water are applied per acre. (2) Control of chemicals: The use of Bacteroide (Prochloraz manganese salt) 1000-2000 times liquid plus 4000 times liquid Shuofeng 481 per acre for foliar spray; 20% Phenyl ether Prochloraz microemulsion 2500~ 3500 times with high-energy red potassium 800 times, spraying the leaves, once every 7 to 10 days, even 2 or 3 times.

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