When the winter arrives, when the author went to the countryside to guide the production of greenhouse vegetables, many farmers found that the fertilizers were used excessively and excessively, causing soil compaction, roots and roots of melons, roots, and wilting of plants, which seriously affected the quality and economic benefits of greenhouse vegetables. . According to the author's many years of practical experience, it is recommended that the vegetable farmers' friends to fertilize large vegetable sheds should do the following "five combinations":

First, the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer

Many vegetable farmers, whether rushing or chasing, are mainly based on chemical fertilizers. Do not apply ammonium sulfate in vegetable greenhouses in winter, and it is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium sulfate is a physiologically acidic fertilizer that increases the acidity of the soil and destroys the soil structure after application. After the application of ammonium bicarbonate, a large amount of ammonia gas is volatilized, which is unfavorable for vegetable growth. At the same time, do not use more diammonium phosphate in vegetable greenhouses in winter, because vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, but need less phosphorus. In addition, it should be noted that diammonium phosphate should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash to avoid ammonia volatilization and ammonia damage. Another is that vegetable greenhouses should not use chlorine-containing fertilizers. Chloride ion can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, make the quality of vegetables worse, the yield is reduced, and the chloride ions remain in the soil, which can lead to acidification of the soil and easily cause decalcification of the soil. In the vegetable greenhouses in the winter, although some fertilizers contain humic acid, the inorganic fertilizers are mainly nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and urea. In the short term, the vegetables grow well, but they lack long-term effects. Some fertilizers are mainly based on cake fertilizer (hemp seed cake, bean cake) and diammonium phosphate (or ammonium nitrate). The effect is poor. The reason is that the fertilizer fermentation takes a certain amount of time. The cake fertilizer should be broken first and then immersed in human waste. After about 3 weeks, it is applied after high temperature fermentation.

Second, the combination of topdressing fertilizer and flushing fertilization

Do not fertilize vegetables in greenhouses under drought conditions. Vegetables are water-loving crops that fertilize when the soil is dry. Not only can the fertilizer not be fully exerted, but the concentration of the soil solution will suddenly increase, making it easy for the vegetables to burn. Therefore, the application of vegetable fertilization should be combined with irrigation, and it is necessary to ditch and fertilize, and then fertilize the fertilizer after it is buried, or topdress with water. It is not suitable to disperse phosphate fertilizer in vegetable greenhouses because phosphorus is easily absorbed and solidified by the soil and loses fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, phosphate fertilizer is suitable as a base fertilizer or concentrated in the root layer dense soil layer in the early stage of vegetables. At the same time, it is not suitable to apply potassium fertilizer in the vegetable greenhouse. The vegetables generally need more potassium fertilizer before and after flowering, and then gradually decrease. The fertilizer is mainly composed of multi-component fertilizer, and the combination of topdressing and flushing is adopted to solve the problem of surface root fertilizer requirement. On the other hand, top dressing can activate soil layer, increase root coefficient and slow release fertilizer efficiency.

Third, the combination of large water and small water

Some vegetable farmers use fertilization in large waters regardless of seedling stage and fruiting stage, which makes the fertilizer water too large, not only wastes fertilizer, but also causes physiological diseases such as rotten roots and roots of seedlings. The amount of fertilizer required for vegetable seedlings is small. The method of small water pouring and a small amount of fertilizer should be adopted to avoid the growth of seedlings. In the high growth period of vegetables, it is necessary to adopt large water and sufficient amount of fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of vegetables and obtain high yield. However, regardless of biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer, it is necessary to look at the fertilizer used for the seedlings, the reasonable amount, and the timely cultivation of the loose soil after the fertilizer and water have passed.

Fourth, the combination of biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer

Bio-fertilizer contains more than a dozen beneficial bacteria, which have the effect of activating soil and regulating nutrients. Combined with chemical fertilizers, it can remove fertilizer damage, increase soil organic matter and promote root development. In spring and autumn, the temperature is high and the ground temperature is also high. The effect of general compound fertilizer on vegetable roots is mostly not obvious. In winter, due to the low temperature and ground temperature, the melting of the compound fertilizer into the water will further reduce the water temperature. After the application, it will not only cause the ground temperature to fall, but also cause damage to the vegetable roots, and the nutrient utilization rate of the compound fertilizer is low. The nutrient effect of the root system is poor, and even the accumulation of salt damage in the tillage layer causes the vegetables to have roots, yellow leaves and yellow heads. Therefore, in the winter topdressing, all water-soluble fertilizers and microbial fertilizers should be used as the main fertilizer for topdressing.

5. Combination of underground topdressing and foliar application

In winter, the temperature in the shed is low, and the vegetables in the greenhouse should be of high quality and high yield. Under the premise of applying the base fertilizer, the combination of underground topdressing and foliar spraying can be used for fertilization. This is not only easy to operate, labor-saving, labor-saving, time-saving, and fertilizer-saving, but also quick in fertilizer efficiency, significant increase in production and efficiency, and is conducive to improving the quality of vegetables. For example, the elements that are easily lacking in winter greenhouse vegetables are calcium, boron, iron, manganese, and the like. Cucumber deficiency is easy to cause bald and rotted piles, and can be sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% calcium chloride or 2% calcium perphosphate leaching solution. When celery is deficient in boron, it is easy to cause the petiole to twist and split. It can spray 0.2%-0.3% borax solution plus 0.3% quicklime. When manganese is deficient, it can spray 0.2%-0.3% manganese sulfate or manganese chloride, spray 30~ per acre. 50 kg of solution, when the tomato is deficient in iron, it is easy to cause yellowing between veins, and foliar spraying of 0.3% ferrous sulfate can be prevented in advance.

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