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Causes and Prevention of Dead Seedlings in Winter and Spring in Wheat
I. Causes of dead seedlings in wheat in winter and spring 1. Endogenous causes refer to the ability of wheat plants to resist cold damage and drought damage. If the wheat varieties with poor cold resistance are used in the cultivation, the phenomenon of dead seedlings will occur easily in case of freezing injury. The seedlings that sown prematurely and had an early spike in winter and differentiated into the oleum of the winter were weak in cold resistance, and were often severely dead in the event of freezing injury. In addition, some late-seeding weak seedlings have less sugar because of their own accumulation, and are susceptible to cold damage and drought. 2. Exogenous factors refer to various factors Other than the wheat plant itself, such as unfavorable weather, soil conditions, and improper cultivation measures. If there is little precipitation in summer and autumn, the soil bottom is insufficient, and there is little rain and snow in winter and spring, and more cold wind will increase the soil drought, making the wheat tiller festival in the soil that changes quickly and warmly, resulting in the death of wheat physiological dehydration. For another example, the varieties with weak winter and shallow tillering sections were selected, and the seedlings were affected by the ground temperature. When the temperature difference was large, dead seedlings also appeared. In addition, if sowing too late, too deep or too dense, are easy to form weak seedlings, is not conducive to safe winter wheat, especially in the case of insufficient water in the end of not feeding the winter water, more easily lead to cold and dry seedlings and death. Second, to reduce the cultivation of dead seedlings measures 1. Selection of cold-resistant varieties used in winter strong, good cold resistance is an effective measure to prevent freezing dead seedlings. The introduction of species must first understand the suitability of the varieties, taking into account their yield, but also taking into account its cold resistance, the selected species can safely winter at least in most local years. 2. Seedling irrigation Early cropping wheat fields lacking at the end of the crop can be watered during the tillering stage. If the soil fertility is insufficient, a small amount of chemical fertilizers can be topdressed to promote seedlings early to facilitate safe wintering. For the management of late-seeding wheat fields, the soil temperature should be increased and the soil moisture should be maintained. The cultivator can use cultivating loose soil and watering should not be carried out during the seedling stage. Otherwise, the ground temperature will be lowered and the situation will be affected. 3. The timely winter irrigation and winter irrigation can form a good soil moisture environment, regulate the soil nutrients in the plough layer, increase the heat capacity of the soil, promote the rooting of the plants and more tillers, and breed strong seedlings. Pouring winter water is not only conducive to wintering and maintaining seedlings, but also can reduce the adverse effects of early winter cold damage, drought damage and severe temperature changes, and is an important measure to prevent the death of wheat in winter and spring. Pouring winter water to an appropriate period, to freeze overnight, the temperature at 4 °C is appropriate, the temperature is lower than 4 °C when the winter irrigation is prone to frost damage. Winter irrigation should be based on the soil, seedlings, lyrical and flexible control. The clay ground should be properly poured to avoid freezing before the frozen water can not fully infiltrate. Sand land should be poured late, some wetlands, rice fields, or good wheat fields at the bottom can be poured. However, for wheat fields with a large amount of straw to return, winter water must be poured to crush the soil and freeze the insects. 4. The timely suppression of cracking can break up the soil mass, make cracks clear, and practise the soil so that the roots of wheat and soil can be tightly combined to promote root development. In addition, repression also has the function of lifting and protecting. 5. Appropriate coverage of winter sand cover and ground cover wheat can deepen the soil depth of the tiller section and protect the blades of the near-ground layer, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, improve the water condition at the tiller section, and play the role of insulation and freezing protection. 1 ~ 2 cm thick can play a better antifreeze seedling effect. The soil covering the wheat fields should be cleared and ridged in the spring, and the soil should be cleared out of the fields when the temperature reaches 5°C. For varieties with poor cold resistance, wheat fields that are shallow and poorly ploughed should be covered early. Overwintering film coverage can increase the temperature and ensure soil moisture, effectively prevent freezing damage, promote plant growth, thereby increasing the plant tiller and promote its development into a large plant, and improve the rate of tillering and spike formation. Cover film time is appropriate when the temperature drops to 3°C. It is easy to cover long before the cover is covered, and the leaves are susceptible to freezing when covered. Late sowing can be filmed immediately after sowing.