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Application Technology of Enzyme Preparation in Feed Formula Design
As a new and efficient feed additive, enzyme preparations can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry and reduce the pollution of excreta. It also provides an effective way to open up new feed resources and reduce feed production costs. This article will introduce the application technology of feed enzyme preparation in feed formulation. 1. Application of Enzymes in Corn Soybean Meal Diets 1.1 The addition of enzymes to corn pod diets can increase feed energy and protein utilization. A large number of studies have proved that the feed formulation follows the principle of ideal amino acid balance and can use plant proteins such as soybean meal instead of animal proteins to maintain the normal production performance of livestock and poultry. However, there are problems with antinutritional factors in corn pod-type diets, including non-amylose-glucan (NSP), protease inhibitors, lectins, phytic acid, pectin, and antigenic proteins. These anti-nutritional factors are reduced to some extent. The digestion and utilization of feed. Studies have shown that the addition of compound enzymes in feeds can increase the digestibility of corn pod diets. Siversides et al. (1999) reported experiments performed at the University of Sao Paulo and Viksa, Brazil, using ileal digestibility assays to add enzymatic preparations to corn-soybean meal, resulting in an increase in the metabolic energy value of feeds (P broiler chicken diets supplemented with complex enzymes After the preparation, the metabolic energy value of the University of Sao Paulo increased by 2.5%, and the digestibility of protein increased by 3.6%. The Vicka University test showed a significant increase of 2.2% and 2.2%, respectively. The difference was significant. The amount of corn in the feed was generally 50%. ~70%, corn digestion and utilization rate is directly related to feed conversion rate.Noy et al (1994) measured ileal digestibility of corn starch on broilers aged 4 to 21 days, only 82% to 89%, far below the recognized At 95%, ammonia digestion is not complete in the small intestine, the digestibility at 4 days is 78%, and it is 92% at 21 days of age, and addition of enzymes such as amylase significantly increases the digestibility of nutrients in the small intestine. (2001) reported that energy use efficiency can be increased by 2% to 5% after adding enzyme enzymes (amylase, xylanase, and protease) to the corn gluten-type diet. Therefore, adding enzymes can increase nutrients in the small intestine. The rate of digestion and absorption, At the same time, the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and protein utilization rate in corn pod-type diets are increased, thereby improving the production performance of livestock and poultry.1.2 Adding feed enzyme preparations can improve the feed conversion rate, reduce feed costs, and rational use of enzyme preparations. Improve the digestibility of feed, reduce feed and aquaculture costs, improve economic efficiency.Research at home and abroad shows that after adding enzyme preparations, animal weight gain increased by 5%~15.2%, feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 3%~8%, and feed conversion Rate increased by 3.5%~10%, egg production rate increased by 5%~8%, and feed intake increased by 7%.Jiang Zongyong (1995) reported that piglets fed a 0.1% dilute enzyme, the average daily gain increased by 10.09%, the meat Compared with a drop of 9.3%, Liu Weiguo (1998) added 0.1% compound enzyme to conventional basal diets for laying hens and corn pods, and the egg production rate in the experimental group increased by 8.7% compared with the control group (P 1.2.1. The simplest method is to add the enzyme preparation directly to the diet, both from the effect and from the economical point of view.Pack et al. (1996) reported the trials on broilers from 1 to 45 days old in Brazilian farms, Soybean meal dietary powder Enzymes were added to the granules and no enzyme was added. The results showed that in the powders and granules, the daily weight gain was significantly increased by 4% to 5% in the enzyme addition test group as compared with the control group, and the feed weight ratio was significantly reduced. 1.2 .2 Enzymes can be adjusted after the addition of enzymes to reduce the nutrient concentration, thereby reducing the cost of feed.The use of compound enzyme preparations in the feed can reduce the energy and amino acids of the formula without affecting the effect of feeding.One test result is based on growth and fattening of broiler chicks. In the stage of nutrition level, the enzyme-free group was used as the standard control grain, and the dietary energy of the enzyme-enriched group was reduced by 2.3%-3.4%. There was no significant difference in the performance between the normal energy group without the enzyme and the low-energy group with the enzyme. (P 1.2.3 Substituting plant-based raw materials for animal raw materials Graham et al. (1995) reported that feeds for weaned piglets contain expensive fish meal and whey powder. The addition of enzyme preparations can reduce the amount of fish meal and whey powder and maintain the nutrient concentration. Changes will not affect the growth of weaned piglets. A test control diet containing 10% whey powder and 4% fish meal, the test diet containing 4% whey powder and 2% fishmeal (reduction of 6% whey powder and 2% fishmeal) added soybean meal and enzyme preparation to adjust energy And amino acids. Results The performance of piglets in the experimental group improved (P 2. Application technology of enzyme preparations in wheat-based diets. The relative lack of corn in China's feed resources, while wheat, barley, sorghum, etc. due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (arabinoxylan) And b-glucose, etc.) make the nutrients of the feed unable to be fully digested and absorbed, and the addition of enzyme preparations can increase the utilization of these raw materials to reduce the amount of corn and reduce the cost of feed. 2.1 Application of enzyme preparations in wheat diets. The main anti-nutritional factor is arabinan, and the addition of complex enzymes (xylan, etc.) can reduce non-starch polysaccharides such as arabinoxylan, reduce the intestinal viscosity, and increase the feed efficiency of wheat.According to John et al. (1997), wheat was added. After the enzyme preparation (mainly containing xylanase), its AME can be increased by 6%, the metabolic energy is equivalent to that of corn, and the digestibility of the amino acid can be increased by 10% due to the increase of the protein digestibility.The addition of enzyme preparation to the wheat diet can improve the feed efficiency. In addition, due to the increase in the metabolic energy of wheat after the addition of enzymes, it is possible to reduce the more expensive oil in feeds.Belyavin A validation trial was conducted on 0-42-day-old broiler diets. The wheat basal diet was used in the first trial; the wheat diet + enzyme was used in the second group, and the wheat diet + metabolic energy 6%+ enzyme was used in the three groups. The lysine in each group was tested. The contents of acid and sulfur-containing amino acids are the same.Table 5 shows that there is no difference in live weight statistics at 42 days in each group, and the feed efficiency in the two groups is significantly increased by 6.4% compared with the first group, and the feed efficiency between groups 3 and 1 is not significantly different, but also increased by 2.9. % (of which 6% of the metabolic energy is to increase wheat by 40 kg/t, reducing the amount of soybean oil used.) 2.2 Enzyme preparations are used in barley diets.The addition of enzyme preparations can increase the energy efficiency of barley. Graham et al. (1995) reported on broiler barley days. In the grain, after addition of b-glucosease, the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of barley was increased by 10%, resulting in an AME of 12.9 MJ/kg.After addition of b-glucoronase in the basal diet of barley, the barley was digested. The performance was significantly improved by 6%, and the digestive energy reached 14.1 MJ/kg.Han Zhengkang (2000) studied the effects on the growth performance of different poultry. The results showed that the performance of broilers, ducks and geese increased significantly after the addition of enzyme preparation. Significantly improved 2.3 Care should be taken when wheat based diets replace maize (1) Some functional ingredients such as linoleic acid and lutein in corn diets have a certain effect on the growth of livestock and poultry. Linoleic acid (18:2w6) is one of the essential fatty acids in pigs. 0.1% of the diet meets the growth needs of the pig (NRC, 1998).Wheat replaces corn in pig feeds without affecting pig growth due to linoleic acid deficiency, while poultry requires less linoleic acid High, linoleic acid affects the quality and protein of eggs by affecting the weight of the egg yolk.The average requirement for linoleic acid in poultry is 1%, and linoleic acid should be considered as a nutritional indicator when using wheat or barley in poultry diets. The problem of linoleic acid deficiency can be solved by adding vegetable oil.(2) Lutein has the highest content in corn, plays an important role in the coloration of egg yolk and broiler, and the content of lutein in wheat diet is very low. For white feather broilers, replacement of corn with wheat improves the color quality of muscle and fat. For laying hens, consider using lutein-rich raw materials and other corn byproducts to make up for the low levels of lutein in wheat and barley. 3. Application of Enzyme Preparations in Other Feed Types A large number of chowder (cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower seed meal, sesame cake, and peanut cake, etc.) are often used in feeds. However, since these raw materials themselves contain more anti-nutritional factors or components harmful to the growth of livestock and poultry, the amount of feed is limited, and the addition of enzyme preparations can improve this situation. Stanley et al. (1996) tested the effects of different enzyme levels on the levels of cottonseeds in broiler diets. Adding 7.5%, 15%, and 30% of cottonseed meal diets to enzyme diets significantly improved the feed conversion rate of broilers. Pack et al. (1996) reported that xylanase was added to diets of broiler sorghum (65%), soybean meal or sorghum (62%), soybean meal, and rapeseed meal to test (rapid seed meal pre-5%, post-production 10% The results showed that the addition of enzyme preparations to the diet increased the whole-stage weight gain and feed conversion rate of the high-grain diet broiler chickens. The high-calcium soybean meal diet group achieved significant levels after enzyme addition (p shelled sunflower seed meal contained around 38%). The crude protein and 13% crude fiber have high levels of methionine and low levels of lysine and threonine, so replacing part of the soybean meal with sunflower seed meal in the poultry diet can improve amino acid balance in the feed, but since the sunflower seed meal contains There are many anti-nutritional factors such as xylan and pectin, so the digestibility and energy of amino acids are low.Schang et al. (1998) performed sunflower seed meal instead of soybean meal in layer diets and set up The dietary metabolizable energy and amino acids of sunflower seedling meal increased by 7%, and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups, demonstrating that the addition of enzyme preparations can increase the protein, energy, and amino acid utilization rate (7%) of the sunflower meal. Cost-effective, see Table 8. Add enzyme preparation The digestibility of nutrients in sunflower seedlings provides an economical alternative to preparing egg-yolk diets. In summary, in order to increase feed efficiency and reduce the adverse effects of feed anti-nutritional factors on livestock performance, In addition to adopting new technologies in feed processing, raw material screening, addition of synthetic amino acids, and feed enzyme preparations can be used to improve feed utilization and animal production performance in the formulation of feed formulations. The type (ie, type and quantity of anti-nutritional factors), type of livestock and poultry, and growth stage are used rationally. Considering the ratio of feed, protein, and amino acid increase after enzyme addition, formula optimization, when designing enzyme-enriched corn pod-type formula, The enzyme can be directly added to improve the quality of the feed, and the energy can be reduced by 2% to 5% on the basis of the original formula, and the essential amino acids can be reduced by 5% to 7%, and the formula can be re-optimized.For the wheat barley, soybean meal type diet, after adding enzyme The adjustment range is energy 6%~10% and the amino acid digestibility is 10%, according to which the calculation of the lower cost feed formulation can be made. The addition of anthraquinone, rapeseed meal, sunflower seed meal, etc., to feedstuffs in place of soybean meal has opened up new prospects in order to make full use of unconventional raw materials, reduce feed costs, and increase economic efficiency.