"Red Xiaoshuai" early spring greenhouse cultivation
“Red Xiaoshuai†is a very early-maturing small watermelon variety newly launched by Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station. It has a total growth period of 85 days and a fruit ripening period of 26-28 days. It has strong branching ability and good low-temperature growth, and is suitable for cultivation in the spring, autumn and winter seasons. . Short oval fruit, beautiful and shiny appearance, good uniformity, single fruit weight 1.5-2 kg, red pulp, fine texture, refreshing juicy, few seeds, the center of sugar content of 12% -14%, excellent flavor, thick skin 0.6 cm, generally 3500 kg per mu. Its cultivation techniques are as follows: 1. Cultivation of strong seedlings. The criteria for strong seedlings are proper seedling age (30-35 days). The hypocotyls are stout, not long, the cotyledon hypertrophy is complete, the true leaf is stretched, the leaf color is dark green, the roots are well developed, and the seedlings grow uniformly. The optimum planting period in Beijing is from late January to early February. In the solar greenhouse, the north and south are facing each other, and the width is 1-1.2 meters. The ground heating wire (80-100 W/m2) is laid at the bottom. The nutrient soil is rich in organic matter, and generally 4-5 ripe soils plus one full-quality organic fertilizer are fully cooked. Before sowing, soaking the bottom of the water, grab the sunny day in the nutrition seedlings in the broadcast rootstock seeds, seedlings when the seedlings seeded when the watermelon seeds sown, rootstock when the leaves are inserted into the graft. Graded seedlings were planted 15-20 days after grafting. The seedlings were topped 7 days before planting, which promoted the growth of lateral branches and ventilation, and facilitated planting. 2, site preparation, planting, fertilization. Should choose loose soil, fertile sandy loam soil or loam soil, low groundwater level, convenient drainage and irrigation fields. General Mushi maturity quality organic fertilizer 3-4, ternary compound fertilizer 50-60 kilograms, or diammonium phosphate 50 kilograms plus potassium sulfate 25 kilograms, ditching before ridging, width 40 cm, depth 30 cm. When back 1/3 of the ground, 70% of the fertilizer is applied to the ditch, mixed well, and the soil is returned. The remaining fertilizer is applied before ridging, and is evenly mixed and ridged. The ridge width is 60-70 cm and the ridge height is 15 cm. , Leveling cover film, east-west ridging. Greenhouse stands are cultivated, and the ridge distance is about 130-140 cm, and each row is planted in two rows with a spacing of 70-80 cm. Planting 1200-1400 strains per acre, pruning three vines and leaving 2 melons. Cultivated in a greenhouse, the ridge distance is 140-150 cm. Each ridge is planted in a row and the spacing is 55-60 cm. 800 plants per acre, three or four vine pruning, leaving 2-3 melons. When the soil temperature in the shed is stable above 15 degrees Celsius and the temperature is above 12 degrees Celsius, it is sunny and sunny. 3, field management. (1) Temperature and light management: In order to increase the temperature in the early stage of greenhouse cultivation, multi-layer coverage is often used. Therefore, attention should be paid to the relationship between heat preservation and light enhancement in management. Slow seedlings require higher temperatures, which are maintained around 30 degrees Celsius during the day, 15 degrees Celsius above the minimum temperature, 10 degrees below the minimum, and 15 degrees Celsius above ground. The hair growth period is controlled at 22-25 degrees Celsius during the day. If the temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, the ventilation should be promptly ventilated to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Afternoon cover film time is based on the temperature of the innermost shed of 10 degrees Celsius. During the period of vine growth and vegetative growth, the temperature is appropriately reduced. It is maintained at 25-28 degrees Celsius during the day and 15 degrees Celsius or more at night. When the temperature of the greenhouse at night is stable above 15 degrees Celsius (20-30 days after planting), remove all coverings from the greenhouse. The flowering period is maintained at 30-32 degrees Celsius during the day and the night temperature is maintained at 16-18 degrees Celsius. (2) Pruning management: Stand cultivation, should take 3 vine pruning, picking at 4-6 when the seedlings, from the base of the seed vines, choose to leave 3 similarly grown and robust vines, remove the remaining cranberry and Sun vine . Cultivate on the ground and keep 3-4 vines. On the basis of retaining the main vine, leave 2-3 robust vines at the base and remove the rest of the vines and the vine. (3) sitting melon management: stay in the melon section of the main vine or side vines 2, 3 female flowers is appropriate to facilitate fruit growth and development. When the second female flower of watermelon is open, artificial pollination is performed to increase the rate of sitting. Especially in the early low temperature, low light conditions, artificial pollination better. It is best to use yellow flesh pollen to pollinate watermelon seeds and avoid hormone drugs such as guarana. (4) Water and Fertilizer Management: Small watermelons are basically no longer top-dressing on the basis of applying basic fertilizers and pouring sole water. Water should not be collected before harvest to reduce cracking melons and improve quality. If there is a lack of water, depending on the soil moisture, it can be replenished with water in the stretch period and before the swell. When the second crop of melons began to swell, the topdressing fertilizer was once applied. Generally, Mushi Sanyuan Compound Fertilizer was 40-50 kg, followed by watering. Can be combined with disease prevention, with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.1% urea solution foliar spray, in order to enhance plant growth potential and its own resistance to disease. 4, harvest. In the early spring greenhouse protection conditions cultivation, the first fruit of the melon fruit development period of up to 40 days, the second melon melon takes about 30 days, Sanhe only 22-25 days. It is best to list or mark the watermelon when it is pollinated, and timely harvest in batches according to the mark.