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Prevention and Remedy of Freezing Damage to Tea Trees
1. Prevention of frost damage during overwintering of tea trees (1) Strengthen fertilizer management and apply basic fertilizer. During the growing season, the management of fertilizers and fertilizers should be strengthened. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and pests, and the combination of mining and raising should be adopted to promote the robust growth of tea trees in order to accumulate more organic substances and increase the resistance to low temperatures. In autumn and winter, basal fertilisers should be re-used, and organic fertilizers should be used in particular to improve the ground temperature. (2) Add soil and thicken it. During the tea break period, pick the raw soil around the barren hills in the tea garden and level the tea tree roots to promote the rooting of the tea tree. This is conducive to maintaining moisture and keeping water, promoting the growth of tea trees, but also enhance the ability to resist cold. (3) Grasp the leaf retention period. The period of leaf remnants in high mountain tea gardens is closely related to the freezing injury of tea trees. Autumn leaves remain in the late autumn leaves, and the leaves are soft and prone to frost damage during the winter. The period of leaving leaves should be at the end of spring tea or the beginning of summer tea. These leaves have matured during the winter and have strong resistance to low temperatures, which is conducive to the safety of tea trees for the winter. (4) The tea garden is covered with grass. Tea plants in the tea gardens can provide drought and freeze protection. The low temperature in the winter tea garden can be increased by 1-2°C compared to not paving the grass. It can reduce the degree and depth of frozen soil and maintain soil moisture. (5) Interplanting green manure. Autumn winter tea plantation interplanting overwintering green manure, covering the ground, can increase the soil temperature, and help reduce the freezing injury. In the spring, these green manures can also be used as fertilizers. Suitable green manures include peas, scorpions, sorghum, and so on. (6) Establish shelter belts. The establishment of shelterbelts in tea gardens can reduce wind speed in the region, regulate temperature, increase humidity, reduce evaporation, and can significantly improve the microclimate of tea gardens. The alpine tea plantation is planting protective forest belts in the windward mouth, which can effectively withstand cold wave attacks. 2, the prevention of late frost. Late frost has a great influence on the production of famous teas, and it is very important to actively prevent late frost. In addition to the prevention measures against frost damage during wintering, the following measures can be taken for the prevention of late frost: (1) Smoke-flooding. The role of smoked smoke is to form smoke in the tea garden space to prevent the spread of heat radiation. The use of "greenhouse effect" to prevent late frost has obvious effects. The method is to set the heap according to the direction of the wind, the terrain, and the area before the freezing damage. When the temperature drops to around 2°C, it will ignite. It will prevent both late frost and accumulation of fat. (2) Wash with water. A tea garden with water sources and sprinkler irrigation facilities. When the damage is caused by freezing, spray water to wash away the frost on the buds of the tea trees. (3) Cover frost protection. Before the onset of low-temperature cold weather, cover the surface with rice straw, weeds, and shade nets to protect the tea tree and protect it from frost. Other methods for preventing night frost in foreign tea gardens include air-supply method (fan installed in the field), spray water freezing method (maintaining bud temperature at about 0°C), and heating method (increasing the temperature of the tea tree crown surface). 3. Remedial measures after the occurrence of frost damage Although freezing injury of tea trees can be actively prevented, cold injury often occurs. After tea trees are chilled, they should take remedial measures as soon as possible to reduce the damage caused by freezing damage and restore the vigor of the tea tree as soon as possible. (1) For pruning, use light pruning on the tea gardens where the degree of cold damage is relatively light and the original picking surface is light, do not prune, do not deep, and try to keep the picking surface; deep pruning or heavy pruning and even cutting of the victim’s weight should be performed. . (2) Shallow fertilization. After wintering damage occurs, it is important to pay attention to the spring shoot germination fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer should be increased by about 20% compared with the original, and at the same time, a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. After the freezing period of the tea plant, the buds of the spring bud will be expanded to one leaf. Spraying foliar fertilizer can promote the restoration of vigor and tea buds and the growth of new shoots. (3) Cultivate the crown. After the tea tree has been frozen, the tea tree is lightly trimmed, and the spring bud picking should leave one large leaf, while the summer and autumn teas are routinely picked. After heavy pruning or the use of frozen tea trees in Taiwan, it should be based on cultivation.