Potted flowers with stress
Indoor and greenhouse flowers are mostly planted in pots. Due to the limited volume of flower pots and the long growth period of the plants, on the one hand, it is required that the culture soil has enough nutrients, and the gaps are also required to have proper water retention and ventilation, so artificial soil is required. This soil is called Culture earth. There are many kinds of flowers and different growth habits. Cultured soils should be formulated according to the growth habits of the flowers and the nature of the materials. First, the preparation of soil culture materials 1, ordinary soil garden soil, because of regular fertilization cultivation, high fertility, rich in humus, granule structure is good, is the main component of culture soil. Used for cultivation of rose, pomegranate and grass flower works well. Disadvantages: the surface is easy to build, poor ventilation, not alone. 2. The rot leaf is mixed with garden leaves, weeds, etc., and is made by fermenting with water and human waste. The pH is acidic and used after exposure. 3. Mountain mud is a kind of natural humus soil that is rotted from leaves. It is characterized by loose, air-permeable, acidic, and is suitable for the cultivation of flowers such as orchids, gardenia, azaleas, and shanxi. 4. The river sand can use general coarse sand, which is the basic material of culture soil. Incorporation of a certain percentage of river sand facilitates soil aeration drainage. 5, peat, also known as peat, peat, is buried in the ancient underground rot decomposition of the plant body, rich in organic matter, acidic, suitable for planting acid-resistant plants. Peat itself has antiseptic effect, is not easy to produce mold, and contains humic acid, can stimulate cuttings to take root, can be mixed or used alone. 6, herbaceous ash is the ash of rice husk and other crop stalks after combustion, rich in potassium. Add in the culture soil, make it drain well, loose and breathable. 7, bone meal animal bone grinding and fermentation, containing a large number of phosphorus, the amount added does not exceed 1%. 8. Sawdust The wood chips are fermented and mixed into the culture soil to change the looseness and water absorption of the soil. 9, moss moss mixed into the soil after cultivation, can loosen the soil, drainage, good air permeability. Second, a boat culture soil preparation ratio 1, the general grass flower rot 30%, garden soil 50%, river sand 20%. 2. 40% of woody flowers and rot leaves, 50% of garden soil and 10% of river sand. 3. 50% of rotted leaf soil, 30% of garden soil, and 20% of river sand are used for sowing. 4, 40% of the greenhouse flower leaf soil, garden soil 40%, river sand 20%. Third, the production of compost soil Compost soil is also a commonly used cultivation of potted planted soil. It uses dry branches, leaves, grass, peels, feces, hair bones, viscera, etc. as raw materials, together with old pots, furnace ash, and garden soil, and is filled with human and animal excrement. It is then covered at the periphery and above. Garden soil. After more than half a year of storage, it is fermented and rotted, and then sifted and sieved. This is compost soil. When making compost soil, care should be taken not to overwet the accumulated soil so that the aerobic bacteria can have enough air to decompose the organic matter and generate nitrides and sulfides. If it is too wet, odorous bacteria will corrupt the organic matter into ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide, which will be lost in the air and reduce the effect of fertilizer. Compost soil is mixed with half of the sand, which is both fertile and conducive to drainage. Such as the use of compost soil and peat soil mixed orchids, lotus flowers, azaleas, Clivia, Milan and other valuable flowers and trees, the effect is also very good. Fourth, adjust the pH of the soil pH of the soil (pH) has a great impact on flower growth. Inappropriate acidity and alkalinity will seriously hinder the growth and development of flowers, affect nutrient absorption, and even cause disease. Most flowers grow well in soils that are neutral to acidic (pH 5.5 to 7.0). Above or below this limit, some nutrients are in an unabsorbable state, resulting in some flowers suffering from nutritional deficiencies. In particular, flowers in hi acidic soils, such as orchids, lotuses, azaleas, gardenia, mimosa, sweet-scented osmanthus, and broad magnolia, are suitable for growth in soils with a pH value of 5.0 to 6.0, otherwise iron deficiency yellowing is prone to occur. Strongly acidic or alkaline soils can affect the normal growth and development of flowers. There are many ways to change the acidity of the soil: If the acidity is too high, some lime powder or grass ash can be properly mixed in the potting soil; if the alkali is reduced, appropriate amounts of sulfur, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, humus fertilizer, etc. can be added. For a small amount of cultured soil can increase the mixing ratio of rot leaves or peat. For example, in order to meet the needs of acidic soil flowers, potted flowers can be watered with a 1:50 aluminum sulfate solution or a 1:200 aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate; in addition, the application of sulfur powder is effective, but the effect is short and requires Every 7 to 10 days. Fifth, soil disinfection methods commonly used in soil disinfection cooking, formalin disinfection and carbon disulfide disinfection and so on. The method of cooking and disinfecting puts the prepared soil for cultivation into a suitable container and sterilizes it in a pot. This method is limited to the application of small-scale cultivation of a small amount of soil. In addition, it is also possible to pass steam through the soil for disinfection, requiring a steam temperature between 100°C and 120°C and a disinfection time of 40 to 60 minutes. This is the most effective method of disinfection; Formalin disinfection at every cubic meter In the soil, spray 40% of formalin 400 to 500 ml evenly, and then stack the soil and cover the plastic film. After 48 hours, formalin was gasified, the film was removed, and the mound was opened. The carbon disulfide disinfection method will first pile up the culture soil, put a few holes above the mound, and inject 350 g of carbon disulfide per 100 cubic meters of soil. After injection, cover the holes with grass stalks at the opening of the holes. After 48 to 72 hours, the grass cover is removed and the mound is spread out so that all carbon disulfide can be lost. Sixth, improved soil drainage, aeration of flowers and trees are generally in the drainage, good ventilation conditions of soil growth. This environment is conducive to the growth of roots, flowers and trees are also able to flourish, flowering. However, in some areas where the soil is heavy, it is difficult for the trees to grow well. Therefore, measures need to be taken to improve the drainage and ventilation of the soil. Sawdust is loose and has a large voidage. It is a good material for improving clay soil. Put some cake fertilizer or chicken and duck dung in the sawdust before use, add water to ferment and decompose in the tank, then dig out and dry it until it is half dry. Just add 1/3 of the wood chips to the soil and mix well to increase soil permeability. After 1 to 2 months, wood chips are broken down into humus by aerobic bacteria in the soil, thereby increasing soil fertility. At the same time, wood chips can neutralize the pH of the soil to varying degrees to facilitate the growth of flower trees. 7. Use wood chips instead of pottery wood chips to meet all the requirements for potted flower soil requirements and use them individually. However, when used alone, the plants cannot be fixed, so they are mixed with other materials to increase their drainage and air permeability. Ordinary sawdust is neutral, can be planted Clivia, cycad, peony, Chinese rose, pine, fir wood chips with acidity, can be planted Prynne, Michelia, Milan, gardenia, azaleas, jasmine, orchids. Sawdust can be made into cultivating soil by fermentation. The method is to put sawdust into a bucket or plastic bag, pour enough water, and place it in a closed place in a high temperature place. After two months, pour the bottom and put it in for a period of time. Sawdust is ready Dark brown culture soil. In order to prevent and treat pests and diseases, iron should be added. Ferrous sulphate solution can be poured before planting. The application rate is about 1%. Wood pellets are light, breathable and water-retaining fertilizers, and are good materials to replace potted earth. It is advisable to add 5% of the weight of cake fat or human or animal fertilizer to the wood chips that have been fermented. Seedlings in the growing season, as with potted soil flowers, thin liquid fertilizer once every 1 to 2 weeks.