1. Peanut formula fertilization technology

Peanut formula fertilization is based on the peanut's fertilizer requirement, the fertilizer supply performance of the soil and the effect of fertilizer. On the basis of increasing the application of organic fertilizer, according to the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, it is scientifically proportioned and used rationally. , In order to meet the needs of peanut growth and development for the most nutritious elements.

1. Peanut formula fertilization has the following benefits:

(1) Improve economic efficiency. Formula fertilization can increase the yield of peanut pods by 16%~24%, and the benefit per mu is more than 100 yuan.

(2) Improve fertilizer utilization. Combined application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 7.33% compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased by 3.58% compared with single application of phosphate fertilizer. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers increased the nitrogen utilization rate by 2.0% to 6.1%, and significantly promoted nitrogen fixation by rhizobia.

2. Determination of the amount of peanut fertilization

The amount of peanut fertilization should be determined according to the soil fertility and target yield. The requirements of different nutrients can be obtained by the following formula:

Fertilizer demand = [(nutrient absorption per unit output of peanut × target yield)-(measured soil value × 0.15 × correction coefficient) 】/ (nutrient content in fertilizer% × fertilizer utilization rate %).

The advantage of using this formula to calculate the demand for fertilizer is that the specific amount of fertilizer can be determined according to the specific content of the maximum nutrient in the soil. However, it is unrealistic to measure the effective nutrients in the soil of each peanut field in actual field production. When the available nutrients of the soil are unknown, the compensatory fertilization method can be used to determine the peanut fertilizer requirement. The method is determined based on the absorption of each nutrient element per 100 kg of pods and the absorption characteristics of each nutrient element.

2. Application technology of peanut foliar spray fertilizer

Peanut leaves have a strong function of absorbing fertilizer and can move to all parts of the plant. Foliar fertilization has the effects of high fertilizer absorption rate, economical use of fertilizer, and increased yield, especially for peanut nutrient deficiency. Peanuts grow vigorously and the leaf surface absorbs faster, or in continuous rainy days, there is more water in the soil, and the peanut roots have difficulty in absorbing nutrients, and the effect of leaf fertilization is more accurate. Spraying foliar fertilizer on peanuts in the middle and late stages can prevent premature aging, improve photosynthesis efficiency, and promote full fruit. Fertilizers suitable for use as foliar fertilizer in production and methods of use are as follows:

(1) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Generally use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to spray twice, each spraying 55-60kg of solution per mu, if the leaf surface is yellowish, 0.5% urea solution can be mixed and sprayed, and the effect of increasing production is more ** ****.

(2) Boron fertilizer. Peanuts are sprayed with boron fertilizer when they enter the pod-filling period. Generally, they are sprayed once during the full blooming period and the pod-filling period. 120g of borax is used per mu m each time. First dissolve it with a small amount of warm water, and then add 50kg of water to dilute and spray the leaves.

(3) Iron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer. Peanuts are extremely sensitive to iron. Spraying 0.4% ferrous sulfate in autumn peanut blooming stage and pod filling stage can increase the yield by more than 10%. If mixed spraying with zinc fertilizer in iron fertilizer, the effect of increasing yield will be better. Use 160~200g of ferrous sulfate and 100g of zinc sulfate per mu each time, add 55kg of water to dilute and spray evenly.

(4) Photosynthetic micro-fertilizer. The application of photosynthetic micro-fertilizers on peanuts can not only meet their needs for a variety of trace elements, but also inhibit photorespiration, reduce consumption, improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote fullness of pods, and increase yield by more than 7%. Spray once during the peanut blooming period and the pod filling period. Use 100g of photosynthetic micro-fertilizer per mu each time, add 50kg of water, and spray in the afternoon on cloudy or sunny days.

(5) Rare earths. Rare earth can promote the development and fullness of pods. During the blooming and pod filling period, use 15g of agricultural rare earth nitrate or 50ml of rare earth animal and plant treasure per acre, add 50kg of water, and spray evenly in the afternoon on cloudy or sunny days after dilution.

3. Organic fertilizer application technology

Peanuts are generally grown in sandy soil. This type of soil has low organic matter content, poor aggregate structure, water leakage and fertilizer leakage. Therefore, peanuts must improve soil conditions, increase organic matter, activate soil, improve soil structure, increase fertility, and increase fertilizer supply. Water supply capacity. The use of organic fertilizer is a necessary condition for improving soil conditions. It contains a lot of organic matter, and has complete nutrients and lasting fertilizer. The barren sandy land requires more organic fertilizer to achieve the purpose of improvement. There are generally three ways to use organic fertilizer: one is to apply fertilizer to the farmland after fermentation processing; the other is to directly return the straw to the field; the third is to use organic matter such as crop straw, food scraps, and animal manure to ferment and process into pellets or Other formulations are applied to the soil or sprayed on the leaves; the fourth is to be mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied to the farmland. This is the way that organic-inorganic compound fertilizers are now popularized.

Fourth, the application of biological bacterial fertilizer on peanuts

Biological bacterial fertilizer is a product that causes crops to obtain specific fertilizer effects due to the life activities of microorganisms, and is a kind of fertilizer used in agricultural production. For a period of time, due to the continuous application of a large number of chemical fertilizers to bring salt-alkali compaction to the soil, the soil structure is destroyed, especially the antagonistic microorganisms that decompose pests, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, and beneficial microorganisms that balance soil nutrients have been inhibited and destroyed. Peanut root rot, iron-deficiency yellow leaf disease and grubs and other diseases and insect pests tend to increase year by year, causing serious obstacles to peanut production. Current research has found that bio-fertilizers containing Bacillus, including Bacillus glaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Sporotrichum thermophila, have full-price nutrition, insect repellent and disease-preventing effects.

Five, peanut fertilizer effect backward technology

(1) Peanut fertilizer effect backward technology

Peanuts are inconvenient for top dressing due to plastic film mulching cultivation and underground results. Most of them are fertilized at one time before planting, which can cause prosperous growth and lodging in the early stage, premature decay in the later stage, aggravation of leaf spot disease, early leaf fall, and poor pod plumpness, which affects yield and quality. Fertilizer effect post-shift technology refers to the use of slow and controlled release fertilizers, organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers and other slow-release long-acting fertilizers to delay the fertilizer effect period, enhance the fertilizer effect in the middle and late stages, and can control the prosperity in the early stage and prevent the premature aging of the later defertilization. , Improve fertilizer utilization, reduce fertilizer pollution to the environment.

(2) Characteristics and application of peanut controlled release fertilizer

Slow and controlled release fertilizer is a special film on the outer layer of traditional fertilizer, according to the nutrient requirements of the crop, the release rate and amount of the controlled release nutrient are released, so that the nutrient release curve is consistent with the crop demand. The rate of nutrient release of controlled-release fertilizers depends on the temperature. During the day, the temperature is high, and the release is slow at night, and the photosynthesis of plants is strong when the temperature is high during the day. Pay attention to the following matters when using peanut controlled-release fertilizer:

One is the choice of fertilizer types. At present, there are multiple types of slow-release fertilizers according to different controlled-release periods and different nutrient contents. Different controlled-release periods mainly correspond to the length of the growth period of crops. Different nutrient contents mainly correspond to the fertilizer requirements of different crops. Therefore, the fertilizer must be used in the process of fertilization. Targeted selection and application. It is better to use low nitrogen, high phosphorus and high potassium formula on peanuts. As a bottom fertilizer, the application rate varies with different yields and soil fertility. Generally, the application rate per mu is 40-50kg.

The second is the application period. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers must be used as base fertilizer or early topdressing, that is, they are applied during planting or during the growth period of seedlings after sowing.

The third is the application method. The application of controlled-release fertilizer should be done to isolate the seed and fertilizer, and the ditch (strip) should be covered with soil. Generally, the separation distance between the seed and the fertilizer should be 7~10cm, and the depth of application should be about 10cm in the soil.

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