Multilayered lentil cultivation techniques
In order to prolong the harvest period of lentils and increase the yield efficiency of lentils, after years of exploration and research, a multi-layered cultivation technique for lentils has been established to allow local lentils to be harvested from conventional open-field cultivation in September-November to be harvested in advance. In the middle and early mid-season harvests, the harvest period was nearly 4 months earlier, while the early lentils were very popular, which also significantly improved the output efficiency of lentils. First, nurture strong seedlings. Bed fertilization. The land with high topography, convenient drainage and irrigation, and non-heavy paddy fields with good water retention and fertilizer retention performances served as nursery beds for lentils. Prepare 15 to 20 days before planting and carefully apply the basal fertilizer. In general, every one hundred and fifty square meters of quality manure and livestock manure 100--120kg, cake fertilizer 1.2--1.5kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 12%) 0.5kg, dumped into the soil, to achieve no dark, soil and fertilizer phase Fusion requirements. Then a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 7 cm was made, and a 4 m wide middle shed was framed with bamboo and polyethylene without a drop film. 2. Seed management. The use of seedling resistance to low temperature, fast growth rate, early pods with more pods, less tender glutinous fiber, crisp and delicious, strong resistance to the superior varieties, such as Shanghai white lentils, red lentils and other lentils. In the early December of that year, fine weather was selected to plant seedlings. After sowing, small arch sheds were placed in the middle shed to keep the temperature within the small arch shed at 25°C. If it exceeds this temperature, it is necessary to pay attention to the regulation of ventilation temperature, prevent high-temperature burning seedlings, or the formation of high-legged seedlings when the outdoor temperature drops below 6 °C, covering the straw insulation on a small arch shed, uncovering the night cover on the grass curtain day to prevent low temperature Form old stiff seedlings. Move the seedlings 15 to 20 days before transplanting. When the main vine grows 4- or 5 true leaves, it should be timely topping and pruning to promote the growth of the vines. Generally, 3 to 4 healthy vine seeds are kept per plant. . Second, rational fertilization 1. Fertilizer usage and operations. The lentils covered by multiple layers of cultivation have a long growth period, long flowering and poding period, and require large amounts of fertilizers. The requirements for the ratio of nutrient uptake and nutrition are also high. Generally, N20--25kg, P2O5 10--12kg, K2O per 667 square meters 18--20kg ratio of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is 45:55; ratio of base fertilizer and top dressing is 60:40; nitrogen fertilizer is used for nitrogen-based fertilizer as a basis for three-recovery distribution ratio of 6:1:1.5:1.5; phosphorus, Potash is a base and a chase, with a ratio of 6:4. 2. Fertilizer application and methods. According to the requirement of fertilizer for lentils, the principle of fertilizer application is heavy basal fertilizer, light fertilizer, and multiple application of manure fertilizer to meet the needs of its early inflorescences and early flowering and scarring. Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Before every 667 square meters of base planting, high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer (chicken miscellaneous ash) is planted between 1000 and 1200 kg after planting. After every 667 square meters, high-quality organic fertilizer (human and animal waste water) is applied. -500kg, urea 2--3kg; when the first batch of lentils is harvested, 30--40kg of sulfuric acid series compound fertilizer per 667 square meters (N: P2O5: K2O is 1:0.6:0.9, The total amount of nutrients is 40%) or compounded with urea 10-12kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 12%) 20-25kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O 50%) 8-10kg, after each batch harvested according to the seedling condition Supplementary application of urea 3--5kg, in order to promote its multiple inflorescences, more open flowers, increase the yield per unit area, growing vigorously can reduce the amount and make times. Fertilizer application method The basal fertilizer was applied to the soil by ploughing and soil preparation after surface application. The top dressing was applied at a distance of 15 to 20 cm from the root to apply or apply acupuncture points. At the same time, during the flowering period, every 667 m2 of foliage is sprayed with foliar fertilizer containing trace elements such as boron and molybdenum for three to four times, each time with a dosage of 100--120g, and the interval time is 7-10d to improve the quality of lentils. . Third, field management Timely colonization. In order to compete for lentils in the morning market, timely planting should be carried out. The planting density should be set at a row spacing of 1.6m and a plant spacing of 0.5--0.8m. The lentils planted in mid-February use double-layered greenhouses with a width of 10m and covered with three layers of small arch shelters. If the temperature is low, they will be covered with straw-curtains on small arches at night to protect the lentils planted in mid-March. The 4m wide middle shed plus a small arch shelter cover the insulation. After the lentils are planted, the temperature inside the small arch shelter is maintained at 20--30°C, but it cannot exceed 35°C. 2. Pruning topping. After the lentil planted and transplanted for cultivars grows to 40--50cm in length, the "human" frame shall be used to introduce the vines in a timely manner. Its height is controlled to be about 1.5m. Multi-layered lentils covered with cultivating lentils, because of their early sowing, long growth period, and easy to grow branches and leaves, should be topped and topping in time to promote inflorescence development, early flowering, and early pods. Important technical measures for closing. After the lentils were planted, the cranberry was picked up to 100--120 cm in time to pick up the heart, prompting the lower part of the genus to grow lateral buds, and more flowers and more knots. Into the end of the harvest, cut off the old branches and old leaves and less side branches, to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field, especially in the hot season, it should adhere to pruning, in order to achieve control of plant leggy, prolong the scab time, improve Yield per unit area and output efficiency. 3. Remove film and regulate moisture. The lentils covered with multiple layers shall be uncovered and removed in time in the spring. The plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will be exposed when the temperature rises from late March to early April; the first batch of lentils harvested in the middle and middle of May shall be uncovered. In the shed or double-wall film. Due to the greater influence of water on the growth and development of lentils, the lack of water supply during the seedling stage results in slow growth, and early seedlings do not meet the requirement of early-onset hair. If the water supply is insufficient during flowering and setting, it will affect flowering and scarring, which will affect the yield and quality. Therefore, in the poor soil moisture, plant leaves pay attention to replenishment at noon, in order to ensure the normal growth and development of lentils, improve yield and quality. After the withdrawal of the lentils, the lentils entered the open season. At this time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River entered the rainy season, and the rain was concentrated. At this time, a set of trenches (horizontal, vertical, and encircled) should be set up in the fields to prevent the damage caused by alum. IV. Pest Control Seedling disease prevention and treatment. The main diseases of lentils covered with multi-layered mulch are blight and damping-off. Bed soil disinfection prevention and control 50% carbendazim wettable powder 8-10g and dry fine soil 0.5--1.5kg mixed soil per square meter, spread 1/3 of the soil on bed before sowing After the sowing of the remaining medicinal soil, the seeds were spread on the seeds; at the early stage of the seedling stage, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600 times solution was used to spray the seedlings and the bed surface, separated every 5 to 7 days, and sprayed for 2 to 3 times. 2. Prevention and treatment of diseases and pests during flowering. The main diseases and pests during the flowering stage are gray mold, leafminer, leguminosae, and Spodoptera litura. Due to the high infection rate of Botrytis cinerea, the resistance of pathogenic bacteria is strong, and the method of combining agricultural control and chemical prevention should be adopted in the prevention and control. The agricultural control strengthens the environment regulation of the greenhouse, requires proper temperature and low humidity, strengthens the dehumidification by exhausting air, and timely removes the diseased leaves by hand. Disease sickness, and bring deep burial outside the shed, is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence and development of the disease; Chemical control: When the sporadic occurrence of leaf diseases of gray mold disease occurs, use 50% ketonic wettable powder or 50% sea Due to the WP 800--1000 times solution, the entire plant was sprayed on a sunny morning, and was ventilated and dehumidified, and sprayed continuously for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 5 to 7 days. The control of leaf miner flies is to be applied with 2.5% dichlormic EC 1500 times during the spawning period to the initial stage of hatching, sprayed for 2 to 3 times, each time between 5 and 7 days. Bean curd control agent can be selected with 2.5% dichlorvos 1500 times liquid, 1.8% avermectin 4000--5000 times liquid spray, initial flowering period and full flowering period in the morning 8-10 hours spray in the inflorescence On the spray twice, the interval time is 5- 7d; during the soybean meal period, the pesticide is applied during the pest activity in the early evening. Spodoptera litura used 5% of Scutellaria 1000 times or 10% divided by 3000--5000 times, and was directed at soymeal sprays in the early morning or early evening when pests came out of action. However, the time for the last medication should be more than 20 days apart from the time of harvesting. V. Harvesting of the first batch of harvested lentils has an excellent market, and it is harvested 18 to 20 days after flowering, and the grains in the pods are harvested in time to increase the economic benefits of lentils and promote the growth and development of the upper layer of pods. . The lentils have many characteristics of flowering in the same inflorescence, so do not injure the inflorescence when picking, fight for more flowers and produce more pods, and increase the yield of lentils. The lentils planted by multi-layer covering technology can generally harvest 3 to 4 batches. Each batch of harvesting interval is about 30--35 days, and the total output of 667 square meters is about 3000 kg. The output value is about 6,000 yuan, which is higher than that of conventionally cultivated lentils. The output increased by about 30%, and the output value increased by nearly 1 times.