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Mouse hair color loss mechanism similar to humans
Future hair dyeing methods may include “stem cell rejuvenation†as a substitute for colorants. A study published in the online edition of the journal Science recently hinted at the prospect that the hair of mice, and possibly humans, will be grayed out by the decline of pigment-producing cells. Stem cells provide new cells for tissues throughout the body for a long time, and hair is no exception. A few years ago, scientists discovered stem cells in hair follicles that renewed pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. After the melanocytes are formed, they migrate to the bottom of the hair follicle, where the keratinocytes that make up the hair are given a hair color with personal characteristics. To understand why this process does not work in the elderly, David Fisher, a molecular oncologist at Harvard Medical School, and colleagues used two mutant mice that had their own hair problems. Due to mutations in a gene called Mitf in the body, the color of one of the mice turned white at 6 to 10 months of age. Another mouse has a mutation in the BcI2 gene, which turns gray in the weeks after birth. The researchers used mice whose melanocytes and melanocyte stem cells produced an easily detectable protein, making the study easier. They also studied the hair follicles of the elderly. They found that the stem cells gradually disappeared as the hair color of the mice became gray, and that the melanocytes were produced in their original positions, but they could not migrate to the parts of the hair that were supposed to give them color. In other words, stem cells cannot proliferate on their own, and the melanocytes they produce are not functioning properly. Fisher pointed out: "Some factors in aging (mutant) mice cause stem cells to lose their 'stem cell'." The team studied normal aged mice and found the same phenomenon. Malignantly located melanocytes accounted for the space created by the stem cells. In their study of humans, they also found that middle-aged humans have such misidentified melanocytes. In addition, there are neither such stem cells nor melanocytes in the middle-aged and elderly people. This shows that the mechanism of hair color loss in mice is similar to humans. "The study tells us that these (melanocyte) stem cells do not have the capacity for unlimited self-renewal," said Ian Jackson, a geneticist at the British Medical Research Council's Human Genome Department. He said that if these cells just stop working, it is relatively simple to prevent the appearance of gray hair, "We can make them start work again." He added that how to prevent them from decreasing may be more difficult. So don't throw away your hair dye now.