Winter is the key season for facility vegetable cultivation and management. At present, greenhouse vegetable production in winter has become an effective way for farmers everywhere to make a fortune. However, after November, the temperature dropped rapidly and the foggy, snowy weather increased significantly, which was very unfavorable for tomato cultivation and management. Weili Company has 20 years of practical experience in facility tomato production. This article mainly introduces the key points of cultivation and management techniques of tomato (this article mainly refers to large tomato) during low temperature in winter.

One, pruning

The main vine single-stalk method is adopted for pruning, and the old leaves, diseased leaves and lower leaves after the fruit are harvested are also timely removed. It is strictly forbidden to remove the functional leaves next to the upper part of the fruit.

2. Preserving flowers and fruits and thinning flowers and fruits

1. Preserving flowers and fruits: During the flowering period of each ear of the fruit, flowers or spray flowers in time to promote the preservation of flowers and fruits of tomatoes. Flower spotting or spraying should be done from 9 to 11 in the morning on a sunny day. Where conditions permit, bumblebees can be used for pollination.

2. Flower thinning and fruit thinning: Remove redundant, sterile flowers and fruits while preserving flowers and fruits, leaving 4 to 5 fruits per panicle. The remaining fruits should be uniform in size, good in shape, and free of pests and diseases.

3. Fertilizer and water management

1. Watering: watering every 10-15 days in winter management. Require small water and dark water.

2. Top dressing: Top dressing should be combined with watering. When the first tomato fruit grows to the size of an egg, the first fertilizer is applied together with foliar fertilizer; after the first fruit is harvested, the second fertilizer is applied. After the fourth ear fruit is harvested, chase the third fertilizer. After each harvest, the fruit is topdressed once.

Fourth, temperature management The focus of winter tomato cultivation management is to increase light, keep warm and prevent low temperature. At this time, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 22°C to 28°C during the day and 12°C to 18°C ​​at night. The minimum temperature at night should not be lower than 8°C in a short time.

1. Strengthen tuyere management. It is recommended to adopt the method of "ventilating three times a day" when releasing the wind. That is, every morning after entering the shed, open the upper air vent 15 cm wide, and close the air vent to heat up after 30 minutes of air release (the opening of the air vent is to exchange the air in the shed with the outside air, increase the concentration of carbon dioxide, and promote crop growth). When the temperature rises above 20°C, the tuyere should be gradually released, and when the temperature reaches 28°C, all the tuyere should be opened. Controlling the temperature below 30°C is conducive to flower bud differentiation, fruit expansion and normal crop growth. In the afternoon, when the temperature drops to about 20°C, the tuyere is closed.

2. Extend the lighting hours. The dust, mist and debris on the film of the shed should be removed frequently. Make as much light as possible in the shed to promote photosynthesis of plants. Where conditions permit, fill light can be used to fill light.

Five, pest control

Reduce humidity and prevent pests and diseases. In winter, the amount of air released by tomatoes is reduced, which increases the humidity in the shed, which is easy to cause leaf mold, early blight, gray mold and other diseases. Therefore, measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonable dense planting, strengthening greenhouse microclimate control, and fertilizer and water management should be adopted in disease control. If medicine is really needed, try to use a combination of aerosol and spray.

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