Key Points for Cultural Techniques of New Hybrids of Apricot and Plum
First, the selection of a good location of the new varieties of apricot plum hybrid strong adaptability, drought tolerance, thin and thin. Parks can be built in shallow hills and plains. In order to obtain early yields, the garden should be flatter, with good drainage and irrigation conditions, deep soil, fertile soil, and a loam with a soil pH of 5-8. In addition, we advocate the establishment of a green, pollution-free fruit base, and pay attention to the selection of plots that have good water quality and air around the park and no soil contamination. Second, the correct planting (1) planting time new apricot plum late dormancy late budding. In the Yellow River to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, planting time from the middle of November to early December after falling leaves in late February to early March before the budding is appropriate. (2) Planting density The planting density of apricot plum should be determined according to the variety characteristics and site conditions. The growth potential of apricot plum is relatively weak, and the plant type is relatively small. You can use a plant spacing of 2m 3m or 2m 2m, planting 111 to 167 plants per acre; other plants are usually planted at a spacing of 3m 3m, 2m. 4 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters, planting 56 to 83 plants per acre. (3) Planting methods Before planting, digging holes should be performed before the planting. The planting hole size is generally 80 cm square. When digging, the topsoil and the soil and soil should be placed on both sides of the planting hole. Then, 20 to 30 kg of organic fertilizer should be mixed with the topsoil at each site. Backfill to the depth of the planting hole, and then fill in the soil. 10 cm below the ground to facilitate watering. When planting seedlings, in the center of the planting hole after backfilling, a small hole of 20 cm in depth is to be excavated, and the roots of the seedlings are stretched and placed in the hole. After a small amount of topsoil is backfilled, the seedlings are gently lifted so that the root system is fully stretched. permeable. The seedling planting depth is preferably equal to that of the ground and the neck after the watering is settled, and should not be too deep or too shallow. Third, reasonable and fixed seedlings should be set after the planting, dry time from the time after planting to germination, the dry height is generally 60 cm. The specific method of operation is: After the seedlings are planted, the height of 60 cm is measured from the ground, and then the upper part is cut off. The buds within 20 centimeters of the lower part of the fixed position should be fully developed to facilitate germination of the main branch. It is more appropriate to keep the first bud left in the north in order to facilitate the cultivation of the main branch. When dry, pay attention to the incision is slightly inclined, the slope is opposite to the first bud. Fourth, the plastic pruning technology (1) Suitable for tree-shaped apricot plum new varieties of trees suitable for the natural happy-shaped or two-layer evacuation happy shape is better. The natural open-hearted tree structure is 40 to 50 cm in height, with the three main branches extending at an angle of 40 to 45 degrees, and the main branches uniformly distributed with 2 to 3 lateral branches. When pruning winter crops for the annual saplings, gentle shearing and slow release should be adopted. The specific pruning method: the main branch extension branch retention 50 cm, for the main branch of the lateral branch retention of 30 cm, to promote the formation of the result sticks. Slowly release the auxiliary branches and do not trim them. (2) Main branch topping summer, when the side branch to be germinated grows to 50-60 cm, choose 3 to 4 orientations, new branches with proper interval (about 10 cm) are used as the main branch, pick up the heart at 40 cm, trigger side branches . Other redundant branches generally do not need to be managed, wait until August to September to pull fruit to promote fruit. (3) Pulling branches should be carried out from August to September. Pulling the branches at this time can not only change the direction of the branches but also avoid the sprouting of the side buds. When pulling the branches, the angle of branching for the main branch base angle is generally 45 degrees, and the waist angle is generally 60 to 70 degrees. Other branches with space can be used as ancillary branches. When the branches are pulled, they can be leveled to inhibit growth and promote flower bud formation to facilitate early results. For dense branches affecting ventilation and light transmission, they should be cut off from the base.