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Installation and use of artificial lighting equipment in chicken houses
Appropriate lighting can increase the egg production of laying hens and speed up the broiler's weight gain, so that the chicks have enhanced blood circulation, increased appetite, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and enhanced immunity. However, if the light is too strong or too weak, the light duration is too long or too short, which will have an adverse effect on the chicken. Compared with natural light, the greatest advantage of artificial light is that it can be controlled by humans, so that the light intensity and illumination time can reach the most appropriate degree. (I) Selection and installation of lighting equipment in chicken houses. At present, the most common artificial lighting equipment in rural China is incandescent lamps and their control devices. Although the first investment is less, the luminous efficiency is very low, about one-fifth that of fluorescent lamps. Therefore, under the same lighting effect, the use of fluorescent lamps when the power is less than the use of incandescent lamps to save power, economically more cost-effective. Using fluorescent light is much better than using incandescent light when the same electrical energy is consumed. The illumination time during artificial lighting is easy to control. What is the appropriate light intensity? How many incandescent or fluorescent lamps should be installed in a chicken house and how to install them in order to achieve a suitable light intensity? According to relevant experts' studies, the suitable light intensity in a chicken house is generally 5 to 10 lux. Lux is a unit of light intensity. People are not familiar with it. What is the concept of 5 to 10 lux? The explanation is as follows: If it is a 15W unshielded incandescent lamp, it should be installed at a vertical height of 1.1 (1.6) to 0.7 (1.1) meters from the bird, or at a straight distance; if it is 25 watts, 1.5 (2.1) ～ 0.9 (1.4) meters; 40 watts, 1.8 (2.6) to 1.4 (2.0) meters; 60 watts, 2.3 (3.3) to 1.6 (2.3) meters; 100 watts, 2.9 (4.2) to 2.1 (3.0) meters in parentheses The number is the vertical or linear distance of the lamp from the chicken when the lampshade is added; the distance between the lamp and the lamp should be 1.5 times the distance between the lamp and the chicken, and the horizontal distance of the lamp from the wall should be 1/2 the distance between the lamps; each lamp The installation position should be staggered and evenly distributed. After the installation is completed, the light intensity in the house is equivalent to 5 to 10 lux. If it is a fluorescent lamp, the distance between the lamp and the chicken is the same as that of the incandescent lamp with the same power, the light intensity is 4 to 5 times larger than that of the incandescent lamp. Therefore, to make the light intensity the same, the fluorescent lamp with smaller power should be installed. How many incandescent bulbs of the same power should be installed in a shed? Can be arranged according to the above-mentioned lamp spacing and the distance between the lamp and the wall, how many are installed only; can also calculate the required number of bulbs according to the effective area of ​​the chicken house and the size of a bulb, and then arrange and install. General flat raising chicken houses need about 2.7 watts per square meter; multi-layer cage chicken sheds are generally affected by chicken cages, cages, food troughs, sinks, etc., and are generally 3.3 to 3.5 watts per square meter. The total wattage divided by the power of 1 bulb is the total number of bulbs that should be installed. But what if it is a fluorescent lamp? Because its luminous efficiency is generally 5 times that of incandescent lamps, the number of fluorescent lamps per square meter needed to install a chicken house is 1/2 of the power of 2.7, which is 0.5 watts; and the number of multi-layer cage chicken houses is 0.6-0.7 per square meter. watt. In a multi-storey caged chicken house, the lamp should be installed at the top of the cage, and the middle of the two rows of cages, but the distance between the lamp and the chicken should ensure that the light intensity of the top or middle layer is 10 Lux, then, the bottom layer can reach 5 lux, and all levels can get proper illumination. In order to save power and maintain a suitable light intensity, it is better to set the lampshade, and often to keep the light bulb, lamp, lampshade clean and bright. The lighting equipment should be fixedly installed to prevent swinging back and forth when the wind blows and disturbing the chickens. (b) Use of lighting equipment in chicken houses. In open, semi-open chicken houses, there is no need for artificial light when the natural daylight hours in the area are sufficient. When the natural daylight hours in the local area are insufficient, artificial lighting supplements are used at night. It can be supplemented after dark, supplemented before dawn, and supplemented before the day after dark. The laying hens can adopt the method of supplementing the light twice before dawn after dark. The specific approach is to turn on the light every day from 5am to dawn, turn on the lights every day and turn off the lights until 9pm, and keep the light for 16 hours every day. Switching light time is unchanged, easy to grasp. But a better way is to add light before dawn, it is in line with the chicken's physiological characteristics, but also to make the chicken's egg production time ahead of schedule, the disadvantage is to adjust the switch lamp time in time with the change of the natural daylight hours, the operation Trouble, keepers have to get up early and work harder. The lighting time required for each stage of the chicken is different. Chicks: 1 to 3 days of age, light for 23 to 24 hours per day; 4 to 14 days of age, light for 16 to 19 hours per day; 15 days of age before 7 weeks of age are gradually reduced to 8 to 9 hours of light per day. Breeding chickens: 7 to 17 weeks of age, 8 to 9 hours of light per day; 18 weeks of age, 9 to 10 hours of light per day; 19 weeks of age, 10 to 11 hours of light per day; from 20 weeks of age, 0.5 hours per week, Until the chickens lay eggs normally, 16 hours of light daily. The light of laying hens is stable every day for 16 hours, with a maximum of 17 hours. Do not shorten the lighting time arbitrarily. Power outages, non-power areas can be used for lighting, gas lamps and other lighting. After the illumination mode is determined, it is not allowed to change at will. It is necessary to turn off the light and turn off the light in time according to the lighting time. Otherwise, it will affect the production of eggs. The purpose of lighting the broilers is to prolong the intake time and promote growth. Illumination methods generally have two kinds: one is continuous illumination, 0 to 5 days of age, 24 hours of light per day, 23 hours of light every day after 5 days of age, and 1 hour of darkness, making the chickens accustomed to the dark environment and preventing being frightened by blackout; The other is intermittent light therapy, 0 to 5 days old, light 24 hours a day, after 5 days of age, light 1 hour a day, dark 3 hours, or light 2 hours, dark 3 hours alternately. This method saves electricity, fast-weight chickens, high feed conversion rate and good results.