Functional wild vegetables - Yuzhu
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce var. Pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi), also known as wilting, tail ginseng, bell leeks, and bamboo. Liliaceae is a perennial herb with a height of 35-65cm. Rhizomes are cylindrical, yellowish-white, and fleshy, with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm. Each year, a single stem grows from the underground stem. Rhizomes with distinct nodes, long internodes, densely fibrous roots. Stems single, inclined to sides, smooth and glabrous, ribbed. Single leaves alternate above middle of stem, short petiolate or nearly sessile leaves slightly leathery, ellipsoid or ovate-oblong, rarely oblong, apex blunt or pointed, base cuneate, entire, above Green, grayish-white underneath, sometimes papillary only on veins below, veins bulging. Flowers axillary, 1 or 2 growing on stems tepals tube at tip, greenish white, apex 6-lobed; 6 stamens, inserted at middle of perianth tube, filaments flat, anthers oblong, yellow; ovary Upper position, 3 rooms, 3 cephalic stigma heads. Berry spherical, purple-black after maturity. Flowering from June to July, fruiting period from July to September. Yuzhu prefers cool, moist and shaded environment, it is cold-resistant and has strong vitality. It can grow in the crevices of stones, and grows in the wild and wet places of the mountains, under the forest and in the deciduous forest. With deep soil, well-drained and fertile yellow sand loam or red loam grows well. Raw and cooked hillsides can be planted, and soils that are too sticky or too loose are not suitable for planting. Avoid continuous cropping. It is better to use corn and peanuts. First, cultivation points 1. Cultivation system and cultivation season. Generally can be planted in late March, autumn sowing can be in early October, sowing in open field, planting the second year of spring and autumn can be harvested. 2. Processing of the species after harvesting. After the autumn part of the eucalyptus on the ground turns yellow, the underground tuber must be dormant. In order to release the dormancy, the tuber harvests the low temperature sand at 0-5°C. Generally, it can break the dormancy after 20-30 days, and the seed blocks can be dried after breaking the dormancy. To prevent decay during germination, increase seed temperature, and promote bud development. 3. Sow. The tubers of high-quality Yuzhu of high quality, glossy, white and tender, no mechanical damage, and no pests and diseases were planted. Phyllostachys edulis is usually planted on high hoe or flat hoe. It is oriented north-south. It is 1.2-1.5m wide, 2m long and 15-18cm high, and 1.5m2m plough is suitable. Row spacing 30-40cm, spacing 10-15cm. The low-fertilizer planting density was 10,000 per 667 square meters, the medium-fertilizer planting density was 12,000 per 667 square meters, and the high fertilizer density was 15,000 per 667 square meters. 4. Field Management (1) Shade. Polygonatum is a hi-yellow plant. The strong light, high temperature and drought at seedling stage will inhibit the growth and development of seedlings. Therefore, moderate shading may weaken the light intensity and reduce the temperature and soil temperature in the growing environment, so that the seedlings of Phyllostachys edulis grow in a good microclimate. development. If there is no shading and the temperature is too high, the plants are weak, yellowish, weakly growing, and the underground stems grow slowly, and the yield is reduced by more than 20%. Natural trees are generally better shaded. (2) fertilizer and water management. Must soak the bottom water when sowing. In order to ensure smooth germination, 80% of the seedlings are generally no longer watered before they emerge, but they should be able to control the soil and the lyrics. Sandy loam is prone to drought and should be properly replenished. After the emergence of the first water should be timely, too late buds susceptible to drought, easy to dry bud tips, the first water after 2-3d can be watered again, and then cultivate the seedlings to promote robust growth. The seedling stage has a slow growth, a small amount of growth, and a small amount of water. However, because the root system is weak and the amount of water absorption is small, it is advisable to pour water in the morning and evening. In the event of rain, it should be drained in time. After entering the vigorous growth period, the amount of water needs to be increased, and sufficient water should be ensured. Generally, water is poured once every 5-7 days to keep the soil moist. In addition to reuse of basal fertilizer, Yuzhu should also be top-dressed according to the characteristics of fertilizer requirements. The germination period mainly depends on the growth of nutrients in the plant species. In this period, natural nutrients in the soil and nutrients that begin to decompose in the basal fertilizer are sufficient to supply. Therefore, fertilization is not required. The seedling stage is short, and the flower bud differentiation is generally performed at the time of germination, so that the flowering soon occurs after emergence, and top dressing should be carried out. Every 667 square meters of ammonium sulfate 10-15kg, other available nitrogen fertilizer can also be used. After the flowering period begins, the vegetative growth period starts. At this time, the tubers begin to grow in size, and the amount of water required for fertilizer increases. Each bean can be applied to 70-80kg of bean cake or 3000kg of high quality manure, plus 15 to 20kg of compound fertilizer or ammonium sulfate. Can be applied on the side of the eucalyptus seedlings 15-20 cm away from the plants and then covered with soil. (3) Cultivating weeds and soils. The growth of Polygonatum is slow, and it coincides with the high temperature and rainy season. The weeds are clustered. If the management is not timely, it will cause grass shortage and cause a reduction in production. At present, the herbicide ether is commonly used. It takes 0.75-1 kg of water per 667 square meters and 100 kg of water. After sowing, the soil is damp. Evenly sprayed on the ground around the seedlings to keep the ground moist, the weeding effect can reach more than 85%. Equal amounts of herbicidal ether and semi-dry semi-wet fine soil of sieving can also be mixed by 15-20kg, dubbed toxic soil for 10-14h, and evenly spread on the ground after sowing. Yuzhu root system is shallow, and it is not suitable for deep cultivating many times. After combining with water, it is often combined with shallow cultivating 1-2 times to keep the soil moist and soft and remove weeds. 5. Pest control (1) Leaf spot. It is a fungal disease that mainly damages the leaves. The ellipse or irregular shape appeared from the tip of the leaf, the edge was reddish, the lesion in the middle was brown, and gradually spread downward from the lesion, making the leaf pale white, withered and died. The onset began in summer and autumn, and the onset of the rainy season was more severe. Control methods: (1) Clean the pastoral hygiene promptly after harvest, and burn dead litter residues to eliminate the pathogens in the pastoral winter; (2) Chemical control: spraying 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture or 50% fungicidal growth before and during the onset Special 1000 times liquid, spray once every 10 days, 2-3 times in succession. (2) Purple wheel disease. It is a fungal disease that mainly damages the leaves. The lesion was born on both sides of the leaf, round to elliptical, with a diameter of 2-5mm, early red, gray gray-brown in the posterior middle, and black dots on the upper part, which is the conidia of the pathogen. Control methods: 1 thoroughly clean the pastoral harvest, timely removal of diseased leaves buried or burned. 2 At the beginning of the disease, use 50% dexamethasone zinc 600 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution or 50% vanillin 500 times solution spray, spray once every 15 days for 2-3 consecutive times . (5) Brown spot. It is a fungal disease that mainly damages the leaves. The lesioned leaves produce brown lesions, which are often limited by veins, and are lightly shaded in the center. They are gray and black moldy in the later stages. Leaves often cause early wither and affect yield. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, over dense plants, and high humidity in the field are beneficial to disease. Control methods: 1 After the autumn, thoroughly clean the field sickness, concentrate deep or burn; before the spring emergence 250 times with copper sulfate spraying the ground. 2 to strengthen the cultivation and management, the implementation of formula fertilization, to avoid excessive lush plants. 3 In the early stage of disease, the diseased part was cut off in time, and was protected with 1:1:150 Bordeaux fluid; in the growing season, 50% mancozeb 600 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 time solution, or 50% tengyromycin 500 times solution was used. The medicaments are used alternately and sprayed 2-3 times. (4) Controlling methods of cockroaches: 1 Check wintering sites in winter and spring to eliminate adult insects; 2 Use artificial insects to kill artificially; 3 Avoid neighboring with potato land; 4 Chemical control: Use 90% trichlorfon crystals, or 50% Kill Loose Pine EC 1000 times spray. 6. Harvest. Yuzhu harvest can be carried out in the spring and autumn, respectively, in the spring before the budding of the eucalyptus, and in the fall, after the part of the ground is yellow and withering, it is harvested. Before harvesting, watering should be carried out once every 3 to 4 days, so that the tubers of the eucalyptus can have moist soil for harvesting. Second, nutrient composition and eating methods Polygonatum more edible rhizomes, seedlings can also be eaten, their berries are poisonous and inedible. After the rhizomes are washed and excavated, remove the fibrous roots and then use the boiled water to cook it; if it can be fried with pork, eggs, etc., it can be cooked with pork ribs, raw fish, liver, etc. Lily, basmati rice, and jingle grass Soup. Note that dampness and qi stagnation are prohibited, spleen deficiency will be used with caution. Polygonatum can also harvest cone-shaped tender shoots wrapped in leaves, scalded with boiling water or soup. Edible odoratum can play a role in quenching thirst and moistening. Can enhance physical fitness, disease prevention, cough and lungs, and there are heat and emolliency, freckle, eliminate age spots and other cosmetic effects. It has a good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions. Yuzhu is rich in nutrients, containing 5.4 mg of carotene, 0.4 mg of vitamin B2, and 230 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of fresh produce. It also contains a variety of nutrients, including 600 mg of calcium, 256 mg of magnesium, 389 mg of phosphorus, and 100 mg of dry mass. 30 mg, 9.9 mg of iron, 8.4 mg of manganese, 3.5 mg of zinc, and 0.6 mg of copper. China Agricultural Network Editor