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Cultivar breeding
Carp is rich in nutrients, delicious meat, strong adaptability, fast growth, and easy to raise. It is a quality fish for artificial breeding and is favored by domestic and foreign consumers and farmers. In the 1970s, China’s fishery science and technology workers made use of the natural gynogenetic silver cocoon (Fangzheng Yinchao) in Fangzheng County of Heilongjiang Province as the parent and the invigoration of the male parent of the Xingguo Red Clam, resulting in the formation of azoospermia. The offspring of the development of silver carp, referred to as heterotrophic silver carp. According to the "Non-hazardous Food Carp (NY5292-2003)" and "Non-environmental Food Carp Culture Technical Specification (NY/T 5293-2003)" and other standards breeding of silver oysters, to produce pollution-free quality squid for export earnings and access Domestic supermarket sales in large and medium-sized cities have a broad breeding prospect. Production conditions Environmental requirements Aquaculture environment must meet the "Agricultural product quality and environmental protection requirements of non-pollution aquatic product environment (GB/T18407.4-2001)"; adequate water, fresh water, in line with "pollution-free freshwater aquaculture water quality (NY5051-2001 )"Provisions. The area of ​​fish ponds and fish ponds in the fish pond area is 1 to 5 mu and the water depth is 1.5m or more. The area of ​​adult fish ponds is not limited, generally 10 mu or more, 200 mu or less, water depth 2 meters or more, rectangular, east-west direction, and the bottom of the pool is relatively flat. The quality is clay loam soil, with a wide slope and solid slope, no leakage, and flood protection. It is best to use brick, stone or cement board for slope protection. The use of feed for the production of input products must implement the “Safety Limit for Non-Hazardous Foods and Feeds for Compound Feeds (NY5072-2002)†standard; the fish and drug use must implement the “Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Food and Fishery Drugs (NY5071-2002)†standard. Supporting facilities have built a relatively complete access to drainage channels, filling irrigation, row out. Each 3 mu water surface with 3KW aerator, a small pond with a feeding machine 1 to 2 sets, a large pond every 10 to 20 acres with a feeding bait. Larger ponds also need to add a 3 ton cement boat in the pool for preparations such as pesticide application and net fishing. At the same time with a pump pump. The power-passage fishing pond should be powered and the traffic is convenient. The management room is built on the dike of the fishing pond and is safe and secure. Fry fingerlings cultivating broodstock Choosing broodstock requires authentic sources, body shape, and body color standards, and is physically robust and disease-free. The female parent is a pure line of silverware, requiring 2 years of age and a tail weight of 250g or more; the father is a rejuvenating red dragonfly, requiring 2 feet of age and a tail weight of 1kg or more. Parents who breed parented or selected parents must be reared in special pools and have separate areas from other fish to prevent other fish and salmon from mixing. Feeding during the cultivation of a full-fledged feed (in the spring to properly increase the amount of high-feed vitamin feed), in March to increase the flow of water to stimulate, in order to promote the appetite and gonadal development of broodstock. Artificial insemination When the water temperature is stable above 20°C, the abdomen is enlarged and softened, the outline of the ovaries is obvious, the gonado red is reddish, and the females with better gonad maturation are selected one by one by pulling the net. Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is injected per kg. After 800 to 1000 international units, put it in a cage or a small cement pool. Observe that it will take about 6 to 8 hours. When the abdomen has an outflow from the abdomen, it can be removed in time. The eggs are squeezed in with a dry basin and then squeezed out. The semen of Xingguo red salamander male fish is lightly stirred with feathers, and then defoamed with degumming fluid (made of talc or yellow mud) and rinsed with fresh water. Fish Egg Incubation Pour the rinsed fertilized eggs into the ring or hatching tank and run water for incubation. When the water temperature is 20°C, the fry can be hatched after 80 to 100 hours. The fish fry cultivated the fish seedlings 10 to 15 days before the lower ponds to carry out trimming, dredging and disinfection of the fish ponds, and sufficient base fertilizer to fertilize the water quality. Choose sunny morning stocking fry, stocking 100,000 to 120,000 per acre, adopting soybean milk cultivation method, feeding soybean milk one time each morning and afternoon, insisting on morning and evening patrol pond inspection, strengthening water quality and preventing disease management, after about 15 days The cultivation of the time, heterotrophic silver crucian carp flowers grow to more than 2cm, can be divided into ponds for fish breeding. The breeding method of the large-scale fingerlings of the Cichlid stercoraris is the same as that of the four-masts. One is to select well-stocked ponds, and strictly clear the pond, disinfect the treatment, and fertilize properly. The second is summer flower stocking: the main raising of summer flowers from 0,800 to 10,000 per mu; the mixed raising of summer flowers from 06000 to 08,000 per mu and the allocation of 0.5 thousand grass carp, 3 million of carp, and carp 500 or so. The third is to strengthen day-to-day management, adhere to morning and evening patrol ponds, observe changes in water color and activity of fish; check the food courts and food counters once a day to understand the fish's feeding conditions to determine the next day feeding amount; every 20 to 30 Sprinkle 1 quicklime (15~20kg per acre) or bleaching powder (1~1.2g per square meter of water body) to improve water quality and prevent the occurrence of fish disease; often do a good job in pond environment cleanliness, timely adding water, changing water, Regulate water quality. Adult fish culture mode 1 Pond main support: At present, there are mainly “80:20 ponds with main culture silver worms†mode, that is, when harvesting, 80% of the output is silver cocoon, and 20% is the “fat water†for its service. And "carnivorous" fish. There are two forms of single plover breeding and double amber farming. 2 Multi-species polyculture: Cross-breeding silver cocoons can be mixed with grasses, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroach, cockroach and other fishes. Generally, silver cocoons account for 20% to 60% of the total output, and can fully utilize water space. Bring the potential of water production into play and increase the output per unit area. 3 and rare aquatic product nesting: raising crabs, clams, prawn, clams, stingrays and other precious aquatic products in the pond raise heterotrophic silver clams, can use its residual baits, can rational use of feed, can improve the breeding economy benefit. 4 Other breeding methods: In addition to pond rearing, lakes, river courses, outer swings, breeding pearl pools, rice fields and other forms of feeding can also be used. Stocking Density The stocking density is properly designed based on the size of the fish species, breeding methods, management level, and capital conditions. Fish species specifications are about 50g/tail, single bream farming, generally 1500~2000 mu, product outlet pond size is 350~450g/tail, growth is at 6~8 times of highest weight gain multiple, market sales price is high, relative The cost of breeding is low, and the input-output ratio is the most reasonable. The bait is fed with high-quality, full-priced pellet feeds. Adult fish require more than 30% protein, and feed pellets have a particle size of 2 to 3 mm and a maximum of 3.5 mm. Feeding adheres to “Three Looks†(ie, looking at the weather, seeing water quality, seeing fish feeding activities), and “Four Sets†(ie, timing, positioning, qualitative, quantitative) feeding methods, generally feeding 3 to 4 times a day The daily feed rate is 1.2% to 3.2%. Water Quality Management Maintaining water quality meets the requirements of “fat, live, tender and coolâ€. Adjust the water level according to the amount of fish on the pond, regularly add new or change water during the growing season, normally maintain the water transparency 25-30cm, dissolved oxygen 3mg / L or more, pH 7.5-8.3, according to the weather, fish activity, timely open Oxygen generators, normal conditions start at noon every day for 2 hours. Prevention and treatment of fish diseases adheres to the disease prevention policy of “prevention from prevention, prevention from overtreatment†and “prevention of early disease prevention and disease early managementâ€, and regular cleansing, tool disinfection, food field disinfection, Quanchiposa drugs and Feed medicine baits and other disease prevention measures to prevent fish outbreaks. About half a month during the growth period, 1 quicklime and bleaching powder are used to rotate Quanchiposa to prevent and treat hemorrhagic septicemia and other viruses and bacterial fish diseases. For parasite fish diseases such as trichomonads, small melon worms, and myxosporidiosis, symptomatic killing is used. Insecticides are controlled.