Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Tobacco Mosaic Disease

Tobacco mosaic disease is common in all tobacco areas in our province and is one of the three major diseases of tobacco. In the early stage of seedling or field disease, the yield can be reduced by 30%, and the economic loss can reach 50% to 70%; after topping, the incidence has little effect on the yield, but it has a greater impact on the quality. The disease is caused by a variety of viruses, producing mainly common mosaic disease and cucumber mosaic disease. First, the symptoms 1. Ordinary mosaic disease: Infested by virus infection, the young leaves first begin to develop. The color of the leaves along the veins turns yellow, and bright veins appear. Then the dark or light-colored part gradually expands to form a yellow-green mottled (flower mosaic); in severe cases, the leaves thicken and thin unevenly, forming foam spots, the leaf margins curled to the back, and the leaves are crumpled and distorted, showing a deformed shape, showing nicks. Or ribbon. Early onset, the plants were severely dwarfed, the internodes were shortened, the trees were not developed, and the leaves were not opened. 2. Cucumber Mosaic Disease: Infested by virus, the veins are transparent at the beginning of the disease, and they change into the mosaic, the leaves become narrow and twisted, the surface hairs fall off and lose their luster. Some diseased leaf margins often curled upwards, some appearing yellowish green or dark green foam spots, some leaf veins appear brown necrosis, or dark brown lightning necrosis along the veins. The plants are obviously dwarfed, and the roots are stunted. The leaves of the dead tree often appear as "flower bud burning spots." Second, the incidence of law Ordinary mosaic disease: The virus can survive long-term in the sick. It is mainly contaminated with soil, fertilisers, seeds, and other diseased bodies, as well as some host hosts that are poisonous, such as tomatoes, rape, mustard, or perennial weeds. Relying on the juice to spread, that is, the micro-wound from mechanical friction invades the host and spreads through people, wind, insects and other media: it is susceptible to disease from the seed bed to long-term, and the resistance is enhanced after topping. The temperature of 18-30 °C is most suitable for onset. Close to villages and towns, tobacco houses, acquisition sites, roadsides, vegetable plots, and tobacco fields that used to be used as tobacco fields and vegetables, the incidence was heavy; poor fertilizer and water management after transplanting, thin soil, compaction, stickiness, poor drainage, and tobacco growth Poor onset of the plot. 2. Cucumber mosaic disease: The virus cannot survive in dry tobacco under natural conditions. It mainly winters in winter vegetables, vegetable strains or perennial weeds. In the spring of the following year, it was mainly transmitted by haze. Therefore, the more weed there is, the higher the number of aphids is, the higher the incidence of serious locusts in the tobacco fields near cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetable fields. There are too many nitrogen fertilizers, and when the soil is barren, hard and sticky, the incidence is also heavy. Third, prevention and control technology Use high-yield, disease-resistant varieties. Such as Kirk 176, K394, g346, K326 and NC series and other varieties. 2. The preferred seedbed is a reasonable rotation. Seed beds should be selected for soil fertility, sheltering from the sun, drainage and irrigation facilities, and the use of rice as a vegetable plot, barn, and shed. At the same time, Daejeon should implement a rotation of rice and paddy crops, which can greatly reduce pathogens and mitigate hazards. 3. Soil disinfection. Combine wintering with whitening. Seedbed can generally be sterilized by incineration. The severe ward can be fumigated with methyl bromide, and nutrient soil should be selected. Daejeon can disinfect with 60 kg of lime. All can eliminate the source of the disease in the soil, pests, weeds. 4. Intensify cultivation management. Early planting and early planting in due time, single ridge sorghum cultivation, cultivation of disease-free strong seedlings; rational fertilization, scientific management of water, promote early-onset and fast-growing, and enhance the resistance of planted spiders. 5. Clean the garden, timely cultivating and weeding. Timely removal of foot and leaves in the field, rotten leaves, diseased leaves, leaflets, etc., eradication of weeds in rural areas and concentrated burning; prohibit the use of farmhouses with poisonous tobacco plant residues, tobacco swarf, tobacco stalk ash, and waste soil behind the house For nutrition soil or tobacco field fertilizer. At the same time, attention should be paid to the field operation, and the order of diseased plants should be followed in order to avoid mechanical damage and reduce human contact. After the tobacco leaves are harvested, all the tobacco fields should be thoroughly cleaned, and tobacco stalks, diseased plant residues, etc. must be burned to remove pathogens. 6. Timely prevention and control of aphids, cut off the source of poison. Can choose to use 40% omethoate 1000-1500 times or 20% speed kill Ding 3000--4000 times, 50% anti-influx 800-1500 times liquid spray. The temperature is high, the weather is dry, and when the number of aphids is large, continuous spraying control is required. At the same time can also promote the use of silver film cultivation, silver film has a significant role in flooding, help to avoid the one month after the transplant stage of the disease. 7. Chemical control. Seeds were sprayed once during the major cross-crossing stage, seedling stage, and field reseeding stage, and regimental stage. The agent may be sprayed with 20% Viral B500 or 1.5% Phytolactone 800-1200, 1% Virus Resistant, and 83-1 Resistant 100x.

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