Cauliflower is also known as cauliflower and cauliflower. Cruciferae, Brassica, and Cabbage species are a variety of flower balls, one or two years of herbaceous plants. Its edible part is the flower ball, the texture is soft and the flavor is delicious. It is suitable for cooking, salting or processing into canned food. Its stems and leaves can be used as an excellent feed for dairy cows and pigs, suitable for green feeding or as a fermented feed.

(-) biological characteristics

The roots of the main root are developed with large roots. The leaf technique is needle-shaped, blue-green, and has the wrong powder. During the vegetative growth period, the stems are slightly shortened, and the rubber buds do not germinate. After the stage is developed, the stems are drawn. The flower ball consists of a fat and tender main axis and 50-60 fleshy flowers. A fleshy flower is composed of several small flower balls. The flower balls are arranged in a left-handed radiation pattern. The normal flower ball is hemispherical, the surface is granular, and the texture is dense. Early flowering, flowering, hairy and purple flowering sometimes occur in cultivation. "Early flower" is the vegetative growth of the plant, which forms the flower ball too early. "Blue and white" is caused by the growth of green bracts or zero pieces on the surface of the flower ball. "Maohua" is the non-sequential elongation of the top of the flower branch or the filament, which is caused by the sudden cooling, warming or heavy fog of the flower ball near the maturity. "Purple flower" is a sudden low temperature when the flower ball is nearing maturity, and the glucoside is converted into anthocyanin, and the purple embryo of the seedling is prone to occur.

Cauliflower is a low temperature long day and green body vernalized plant. The range and time of low temperature required for the vernalization stage are 22 degrees to 23 degrees for early varieties, 17 degrees to 18 degrees for early maturing varieties, and 15 to 20 days for completion; the moderately mature varieties are optimal for 12 degrees, 15- - 20 days to complete; late-maturing varieties are best below 5 degrees, 30 days to complete.

(2) Variety selection

There are many varieties of broccoli, and the production is named after the number of days from planting to harvesting, such as 50 days, 60 days, 80 days, 100 days, 120 days, 140 days, 160 days, and the like. In fact, the growth period of the variety is often different for about 7 days due to changes in climatic conditions. In order to facilitate cultivation and management, the varieties can be divided into four types according to the length of growth period and the temperature requirements of flower ball development.

1. The early-maturing plant is short, heat-resistant, and weak in winter. The flower ball weighs 0.25 kg - 0.5 kg. The Yangtze River Basin is planted from mid-June to early July, and can be harvested 45-70 days after planting. For example, Guangdong 60 days of early flowering, Xiamen shortfoot 50 days, Xiamen shortfoot 60 days, Tianjin Baifeng 50 days, Fuzhou 60 days, Wenzhou 60 days of Ruixue 1 and 70 days of Ruixue 2.

2. Medium-maturing plants are medium-sized, heat-resistant, and strong in winter. The weight of the flower ball is 0.5 kg - 1.0 kg. The Yangtze River Basin is planted from mid-July to early August, and can be harvested 70-90 days after planting. Such as Xiamen Flower 80 days, Funong 10 (80 days), Hongdu 15 (Nanchang 90 days), Hongdu 17 (95 days), Fujian 80 days, Wenzhou 80 days and 90 days, Dutch snowballs.

3. Late-maturing plants are tall, cold-resistant, and strongest in winter. The weight of the flower ball is 1.0 kg - 1.5 kg. The Yangtze River Basin is planted from late July to August, and planted to harvest for more than 100 days, such as Shanghai 100 days of Wangxin, Yanqiao 100 days of hybridization, 120 days of early slow species, 140 days of slow species, Jiangxi 100 days of Hongdu 16, Fujian 120 days, Xiamen 100 days, Wenzhou 120 days.

4. The four seasons plant is shorter and colder, with a strong cold tolerance. The growth period is 90-100 days, and the flower ball weighs 05 kg-1.0 kg. The Yangtze River Basin can be cultivated in spring and autumn, with spring planting as the main. Generally, the seedlings are raised in a cold bed in November, and planted in the late February to early March, and harvested in May, so it is also called spring cauliflower. The varieties include Swiss Snowball, French Snowball, Shanghai Hybrid 90, and Wenzhou 90 days.

(3) Cultivation points

The cultivation techniques of broccoli are similar to those of cabbage, and the relevant technologies are now described as follows:

(1) The seedling method is the same as that of cabbage. The broccoli per mu (1 mu = 667 square meters) requires about 33 grams of seeds, and is planted 20 to 30 days after sowing. The cultivation distance is 40 cm square for early maturity, and the distance between the mature crops is 50×40 cm.

(2) Before harvesting, pick the outer leaf l - 2 pieces on the flower ball to protect the flower ball.

(3) Harvesting period and yield of each variety.

(4) Retention

1. Early-maturing varieties of 45-60-day-old early-maturing varieties form flowering balls in autumn, and flowering and fruiting in winter. Because of weak cold tolerance, they should be kept in the greenhouse. Generally, in late October, the plant is moved from the field to the greenhouse. The plant spacing is 50 cm square, watering and fertilizing. After planting, each plant retains 4-5 strong flowering branches. The rest of the flowering branches are cut with a knife and the incision is disinfected and preserved. It blooms in late November and pods in December. The seedlings mature in the lunar years from January to February, and one branch is ripe. During the seeding period, it should not be lower than O degrees at night, and 20 degrees - 25 degrees during the day is good, too low or too high. There is no wind in the winter, no insect pollination, and artificial pollination should be carried out several times.

2. Medium-bred varieties 80-100 days of mid-maturing varieties form flower balls from early November to mid-December, twitching from January to February in the second year, and flowering at the end of February. Plastic film and hot bed can be used for heat preservation. Keep seeding. Methods such as shaving balls are the same as those of early maturing varieties.

3, late-maturing varieties of 120-160 days of late-maturing varieties can be used in the field to go to the poor to directly retain the species, but also after the selection of the plant, according to the line spacing 66 cm, plant spacing 50 cm of soil planting. Methods such as shaving balls are the same as those of early maturing varieties.

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